Table 2.

Analyses of variance of data for different physio-biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) plants raised from seeds treated with varying (25 and 50 mM) levels of proline and chilling stress.

Source of Variation	df	Shoot Fresh Weight Shoot Fresh Weight	Shoot Dry Weight	Root Fresh Weight	Root Dry Weight	Shoot Length	Root Length
Cultivars (Cv)	1	0.558 *	0.016 ***	0.0027 **	0.000006 ns	19.65 ***	6.33 ns
Chilling Stress (CS)	1	3.091 ***	0.0113 **	0.0047 ***	0.00001 *	2.89 ns	107.8 ***
Presowing (Pre)	2	1.216 ***	0.0052 *	0.0038 ***	0.00005 ns	10.11 ns	69.21 ***
Cv x CS	1	0.098 ns	0.004 ns	0.00005 ns	0.0000009 ns	0.027 ns	26.18 *
Cv x Pre	2	0.32 *	0.0008 ns	0.00006 ns	0.000000015 ns	1.66 ns	8.07 ns
CS x Pre	2	0.0261 ns	0.00005 ns	0.000008 ns	0.000001 ns	0.663 ns	2.09 ns
Cv x CS x Pre	2	0.0305 ns	0.0005 ns	0.00002 ns	0.0000007 ns	0.231 ns	15.93 ns
Error	24	0.0834	0.00113	0.000002	0.00001	1.394	4.87
		Chl. a	Chl. b	Chl. a/b	Total Chl.	Carotenoids	Proline
Cultivars (Cv)	1	1.23 ***	0.777 ***	34.58 ***	0.0532 ns	0.015 *	445.49 *
Chilling Stress (CS)	1	0.703 ***	0.951 ***	5.49 *	3.29 ***	0.0006 ns	611.02 **
Presowing (Pre)	2	0.273 **	0.223 ***	1.80 ns	0.933 ***	0.011 **	909.4 ***
Cv x CS	1	0.559 ***	0.462 ***	0.497 ns	2.04 ***	0.0054 ns	5.33 ns
Cv x Pre	2	0.159 *	0.052 *	2.83 *	0.039 ns	0.00001 ns	3.88 ns
CS x Pre	2	0.044 ns	0.060 *	0.136 ns	0.205 **	0.000008 ns	120.9 ns
Cv x CS x Pre	2	0.069 ns	0.0809 **	2.46 ns	0.0035 ns	0.0009 ns	262.5 *
Error	24	0.0342	0.0131	0.772	0.024	0.002	72.99
		Glycine Betaine	Ascorbic Acid	Hydrogen Peroxide	MDA	Catalase	Peroxidase
Cultivars (Cv)	1	633.52 **	28.13 **	1158762.5 ***	26.82 ns	0.142 **	0.00002 ns
Chilling Stress (CS)	1	1386.6 ***	19.09 *	317579.2 **	266.2 ***	0.049 ns	0.199 ***
Presowing (Pre)	2	414.3 **	49.14 ***	67016.8 ns	34.64 ns	0.050 ns	0.0302 **
Cv x CS	1	424.9 *	1.98 ns	21085.4 ns	3.5 ns	0.019 ns	0.07 **
Cv x Pre	2	6.90 ns	1.392 ns	10304.3 ns	19.68 ns	0.0015 ns	0.00001 ns
CS x Pre	2	0.648 ns	15.92 *	75875.6 ns	8.54 ns	0.0047 ns	0.0104 ns
Cv x CS x Pre	2	27.11 ns	12.34 *	7958.5 ns	0.75 ns	0.0079 ns	0.00008 ns
Error	24	58.01	3.04	28230.2	10.89	0.0152	0.00008
		SOD	Total Soluble Sugars	Total Phenolics	Total Free Amino Acids
Cultivars (Cv)	1	22.35 ***	244.92 *	570.6 ***	0.003 ns
Chilling Stress (CS)	1	18.34 **	121.4 ns	1348.4 ***	0.022 **
Presowing (Pre)	2	2.14 ns	72.27 ns	41.28 ns	0.005 ns
Cv x CS	1	0.292 ns	6.33 ns	0.307 ns	0.0037 ns
Cv x Pre	2	0.782 ns	29.98 ns	1.195 ns	0.00001 ns
CS x Pre	2	0.682 ns	93.94 ns	12.003 ns	0.0002 ns
Cv x CS x Pre	2	0.206 ns	22.75 ns	0.284 ns	0.00008 ns
Error	24	1.56	36.22	18.87	0.0019

ns = non-significant; *, ** and *** = significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively.