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Reaction mechanism of IrW NDs toward HER in acidic and alkaline solutions. (a) Schematic HER reaction step on the surface of IrW NDs in acidic and alkaline environments. (b) Trends in HER performance under varied H and OH binding energies. (c) HER free energy diagram of Pt, Ir, and IrW at different reaction sites. (d) Free energy diagram of the alkaline Volmer–Heyrosky pathway. Reproduced with permission from ref (17). Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.
