Table 2.
Associations between SNPs and IAV vaccine responses.
| Gene | Function | SNPs (Type) | Vaccine | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | Cytokine expressed as a response to infections or tissue injuries. It plays an important role in host defense through the stimulation of acute-phase responses. | -rs1800796 (NCR). - rs2069861 (NCR). |
IIV | [156] |
| IL-12B | Cytokine that serves as a crucial inducer of Th1 cell development. | rs3212227, located in 3´UTR (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| IFN-B1 | Cytokine released as part of the innate immune response against infection by viruses or other pathogens. | rs1364613 (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| TNFRSF1A | Cytokine receptor, its interaction with TNF-α control cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. | rs4149621 (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| IL-1R1 | Cytokine receptor involved in inflammatory and immune responses. | rs3732131, located in 3´UTR (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| IL-10RB | Cytokine receptor that mediates the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway leading to the expression of ISG. | rs3171425, located in 3´UTR (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| IL-2RA | This cytokine receptor is important for the signaling pathway leading to immune cell differentiation and function. | -rs2228150 (Syn). -rs12722605 (NCR). | IIV | [156] |
| IL-10RA | Cytokine receptor that is involved in the inhibition of the synthesis of several proinflammatory cytokines. | -rs4252249 (Syn) -rs4252243 (NCR). |
IIV | [156] |
| IL-12RB2 | Cytokine receptor that plays a role in Th1 cell differentiation. | rs2307153; D465G (NonSyn). | IIV | [156] |
| IL-1RN | Cytokine receptor which modulates a variety of immune and inflammatory responses related with IL-1. | -rs315952 (Syn). -rs315951 located in 3´UTR (NCR). |
IIV | [156] |
| TNFRSF1B | Cytokine receptor involved in the recruitment of anti-apoptotic proteins. | rs5746026; K232E (NonSyn) | IIV | [156] |
| MBL-2 | This calcium-dependent protein that plays an important role in innate immunity, and activates the lectin complement pathway. | rs1800450; G54D (NonSyn) | IIV | [165] |
| IL-28B (IFNL3) | Type III IFN molecule, with brad functions in antiviral responses | rs8099917 (NCR). | IIV | [153] |
Syn-synonymous, NonSyn-nonsynonymous, NCR-non-coding region (Intron, regulatory regions, promoter or UTR). IIV: inactivated seasonal vaccine. IL-6, interleukin 6. IL-12B, interleukin 12. IFN-B1, interferon beta 1 (IFNβ). TNFRSF1A, TNF receptor superfamily member 1A. IL-1R1, interleukin 1 receptor type 1. IL-10RB, interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta. IL-2RA, interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha. IL-10RA, interleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha. IL-12RB2, interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2. IL-1RN, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. TNFRSF1B, TNF receptor superfamily member 1B. MBL-2, mannose binding lectin 2. IL-28 B or IFNL3, interferon lambda 3.