Detection of surface-immobilized single molecules
on an electrode.
(A) Schematic illustration of the combined electrochemical–confocal
setup with immobilized AuNRs (not to scale) and MB molecules on the
modified glass surface. (B) Ensemble fluorescence response of around
260 unenhanced MB molecules versus electrochemical potential. The
black curve is Nernst fit, and the dashed line indicates the obtained
midpoint potential. (A), (B) Reproduced from Zhang, W.; Caldarola,
M.; Pradhan, B.; Orrit, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 3566–3569 (ref (17)). Copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH.
(C) Schematic illustration of the detection of single azurin-Cy5 molecules
immobilized on a modified glass surface using confocal microscopy.
(D) A confocal fluorescence image of immobilized azurin-Cy5 molecules
on glass. (C), (D) Reproduced from Akkilic, N.; Van Der Grient, F.;
Kamran, M.; Sanghamitra, N. J. M. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 14523–14526 (ref (16)). Copyright 2014 Royal
Society of Chemistry.