Figure 6.

Intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. Description: (A) Examples of intrinsic mechanisms of adaptive resistance, including altered signaling pathways, limited mutational burden, de-differentiation of tumor resulting in a loss of neoantigen expression, defective antigen processing, constitutive PD-L1 expression, and loss of HLA expression. (B) Examples of intrinsic mechanisms of acquired resistance, including loss of antigenic target, loss of HLA expression, and escape mutations in IFN signaling [97].