Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | AC+FV AVHC | Control VHC | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 9325 | N = 9325 | ||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Age on index date (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 12.23 | ± 13.65 | 12.24 | ± 13.75 | 0.7405 |
| Median | 8 | 8 | |||
| Age category (years) | |||||
| 0–2 | 579 | 6.2% | 602 | 6.5% | 0.1577 |
| 3–5 | 2326 | 24.9% | 2324 | 24.9% | 0.9347 |
| 6–12 | 4115 | 44.1% | 4124 | 44.2% | 0.7517 |
| 13–17 | 983 | 10.5% | 970 | 10.4% | 0.5903 |
| 18–34 | 465 | 5.0% | 461 | 4.9% | 0.8453 |
| 35–44 | 270 | 2.9% | 246 | 2.6% | 0.1783 |
| 45–64 | 282 | 3.0% | 283 | 3.0% | 0.9573 |
| 55–64 | 230 | 2.5% | 239 | 2.6% | 0.6280 |
| 65–74 | 64 | 0.7% | 57 | 0.6% | 0.5175 |
| 75 or older | 11 | 0.1% | 19 | 0.2% | 0.1167 |
| 0–17 | 8003 | 85.8% | 8020 | 86.0% | 0.6021 |
| 18 or older | 1322 | 14.2% | 1305 | 14.0% | 0.6021 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 4134 | 44.3% | 4101 | 44.0% | 0.3369 |
| Male | 5191 | 55.7% | 5224 | 56.0% | 0.3369 |
| Geographic region | |||||
| Northeast | 3477 | 37.30% | 3460 | 37.10% | 0.1693 |
| West | 2430 | 26.10% | 2468 | 26.50% | 0.1462 |
| Midwest | 1907 | 20.50% | 1914 | 20.50% | 0.7876 |
| South | 1511 | 16.20% | 1483 | 15.90% | 0.0695 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)# | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 1.05 | ± 0.36 | 1.05 | ± 0.33 | 0.5829 |
| Median | 1 | 1 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | NA |
| 1 | 9021 | 96.7% | 9031 | 96.8% | 0.6604 |
| 2 | 176 | 1.9% | 172 | 1.8% | 0.8214 |
| 3 | 86 | 0.9% | 85 | 0.9% | 0.9372 |
| 4+ | 42 | 0.5% | 37 | 0.4% | 0.5737 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||
| Respiratory infection | 6411 | 68.80% | 6405 | 68.70% | 0.8585 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 3762 | 40.30% | 3771 | 40.40% | 0.7901 |
| Pneumonia | 1154 | 12.40% | 1167 | 12.50% | 0.6427 |
| Anxiety | 436 | 4.70% | 404 | 4.30% | 0.1613 |
| ADHD | 428 | 4.60% | 416 | 4.50% | 0.5699 |
| Obesity | 378 | 4.10% | 314 | 3.40% | 0.0041 |
| Depression | 304 | 3.30% | 277 | 3.00% | 0.2076 |
| Hypertension | 294 | 3.20% | 286 | 3.10% | 0.7061 |
| Cardiac disease | 246 | 2.60% | 207 | 2.20% | 0.0538 |
| Anemia | 215 | 2.30% | 192 | 2.10% | 0.1878 |
| Other vascular diseases | 177 | 1.90% | 154 | 1.70% | 0.1820 |
| Cancer | 165 | 1.80% | 145 | 1.60% | 0.2418 |
| Diabetes | 110 | 1.20% | 115 | 1.20% | 0.7295 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 38 | 0.40% | 40 | 0.40% | 0.8185 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 12 | 0.10% | 7 | 0.10% | 0.2513 |
| Asthma medication history | |||||
| ICS | 8118 | 87.10% | 8118 | 87.10% | 1.000 |
| SABA | 7953 | 85.30% | 7953 | 85.30% | 1.000 |
| OCS | 4754 | 51.00% | 4693 | 50.30% | 0.0784 |
| Fixed-dose (LABA/ICS) combination | 684 | 7.30% | 684 | 7.30% | 1.000 |
| LABA | 17 | 0.20% | 19 | 0.20% | 0.7389 |
| Index MDI (including 60 days post-index) | |||||
| ICS | 8690 | 93.2% | 8676 | 93.0% | 0.3293 |
| Fixed-dose (LABA/ICS) combination | 635 | 6.8% | 649 | 7.0% | 0.3293 |
| History of respiratory support | |||||
| Oxygen therapy/mechanical ventilation | 23 | 0.2% | 29 | 0.3% | 0.3961 |
| History of severe exacerbation | 433 | 4.6% | 408 | 4.4% | 0.2443 |
| History of moderate exacerbation | 4255 | 45.6% | 4197 | 45.0% | 0.0891 |
| History of any-cause hospitalization | 597 | 6.4% | 562 | 6.0% | 0.1668 |