Table 2.
Background Characteristics by Chilla Participation, Bachpan cohort, Pakistan*
| Chilla Participation | No Chilla Participation | Test of Difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 729 | N = 94 | T-Test | Chi-Squared | |||
| Mean or N | SD or % | Mean or N | SD or % | |||
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Maternal Age | 26.68 | 4.38 | 26.19 | 4.79 | −1.00 | |
| Maternal Education | 15.46** | |||||
| None | 96 | 13.17 | 15 | 15.96 | ||
| Primary (1–5) | 130 | 17.83 | 29 | 30.85 | ||
| Middle (6–8) | 136 | 18.66 | 21 | 22.34 | ||
| Secondary (9, 10) | 195 | 26.75 | 14 | 14.89 | ||
| Higher Secondary (11, 12) | 76 | 10.43 | 8 | 8.51 | ||
| Tertiary (> 12) | 96 | 13.17 | 7 | 7.45 | ||
| Parity | 4.93* | |||||
| First Pregnancy | 220 | 30.18 | 18 | 19.15 | ||
| One or more children | 509 | 69.82 | 76 | 80.85 | ||
| SES Quintiles | 17.61*** | |||||
| Lowest | 125 | 17.15 | 28 | 29.79 | ||
| Lower Middle | 138 | 18.93 | 25 | 26.60 | ||
| Middle | 152 | 20.85 | 19 | 20.21 | ||
| Upper Middle | 155 | 21.26 | 10 | 10.64 | ||
| Highest | 159 | 21.81 | 12 | 12.77 | ||
| Mother-in-law | 1.73 | |||||
| Yes | 499 | 68.45 | 58 | 61.70 | ||
| People in Room | 2.36 | 1.76 | 2.45 | 1.48 | 0.45 | |
| MSPSS (Three months) | 4.57 | 1.27 | 3.82 | 1.39 | −5.31*** | |
| Depression Characteristics | ||||||
| SCID (Baseline) | 350 | 48.01 | 55 | 58.51 | 3.67 | |
| PHQ-9 (Baseline) | 8.56 | 6.62 | 10.05 | 6.96 | 2.04* | |
*p < .05, ** < .01, ***p < .00; Abbreviations: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Socioeconomic Status (SES); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)