Figure 3.

Survival of patients based upon antibiotic use. Patients were divided into three categories based on whether they had received antibiotics or not during the period of 2 weeks before until 6 weeks after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment initiation. Kaplan‐Meier estimator graphs illustrate survival outcomes for patients who did not receive antibiotics (blue), patients who received a single course of antibiotics only (red), and patients who received prolonged or multiple courses of antibiotics (black). Other prognostic factors were controlled in this plot.

Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; PFS, progression‐free survival.