Fig. 3.

Overall network of studies in the base case NMA of LAMA + LABA combination therapies evaluated at 24 weeks for trough FEV₁ (a), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score (b), Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) focal score (c), and rescue medication use (d). Studies in blue text represent those that reported mean values without standard errors/standard deviations/confidence intervals. Blue dotted lines represent relationships for which errors were calculated by imputation. ACL aclidinium, FEV ₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FOR formoterol, GLY glycopyrronium, IND indacaterol, LABA long-acting β₂-agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, NMA network meta-analysis, OLO olodaterol, PBO placebo, SAL salmeterol, TIO tiotropium, UMEC umeclidinium, VI vilanterol