Table 1.

Overall results and sensitivity analyses examining patterns of substitutability between legal and illegal cannabis by age, income, sex, and cannabis use severity

Group	Source	Alone			Alternative available			Elasticity comparison
		Q 0	P max	Elasticity (α)	Q 0	P max	Elasticity (α)	∆α	F	p
Total Sample	Illegal	9.12	16.26	0.0042	7.97	8.22	0.0095	0.0053	82.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	11.20	14.09	0.0029	10.31	9.65	0.0046	0.0017	42.0	< 0.0001
Age < 32	Illegal	9.32	13.64	0.0036	8.68	6.51	0.0081	0.0039	94.0.	< 0.0001
	Legal	11.48	11.86	0.0030	10.72	8.28	0.0046	0.0016	25.0	< 0.0001
Age ≥ 32	Illegal	8.86	14.80	0.0049	7.19	8.12	0.0110	0.0061	65.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	14.44	12.85	0.0022	9.82	12.60	0.0033	0.0011	50.0	< 0.0001
Income	Illegal	9.31	21.22	0.0042	7.71	11.33	0.0095	0.0053	66.0	< 0.0001
< $79,000	Legal	11.27	14.52	0.0032	10.60	9.69	0.0051	0.0019	30.0	< 0.0001
Income	Illegal	8.85	14.09	0.0042	8.30	6.57	0.0096	0.0054	99.0	< 0.0001
≥ $79,000	Legal	11.10	15.33	0.0024	9.92	10.29	0.0040	0.0016	60.0	< 0.0001
Male	Illegal	10.89	16.86	0.0035	9.62	8.05	0.0083	0.0048	98.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	13.05	17.45	0.0023	11.80	11.38	0.0039	0.0016	56.0	< 0.0001
Female	Illegal	6.64	8.80	0.0032	5.50	3.95	0.0086	0.0054	130.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	8.44	8.60	0.0040	8.08	6.42	0.0056	0.0016	79.0	< 0.0001
CUDIT < 8	Illegal	5.86	7.80	0.0074	4.88	4.62	0.0150	0.0076	52.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	8.13	8.95	0.0033	7.67	7.45	0.0042	0.0009	29.0	< 0.0001
CUDIT ≥ 8	Illegal	13.63	9.95	0.0020	12.49	7.01	0.0031	0.0011	128.0	< 0.0001
	Legal	17.24	11.36	0.0013	16.54	9.62	0.0016	0.0003	51.0	< 0.0001
Group	Source	Slope	p	F	p	I	F	p
Total sample	Illegal substitute	0.20	0.0004	1.66	0.207	− 0.67	17.30	< 0.001
	Legal substitute	0.13	< 0.0001			− 0.43
Age < 32	Illegal substitute	0.21	0.0005	1.02	0.319	− 0.71	6.21	0.018
	Legal substitute	0.15	< 0.0001			− 0.48
Age ≥ 32	Illegal substitute	0.19	0.0003	2.60	0.116	− 0.65	16.07	< 0.001
	Legal substitute	0.12	< 0.0001			− 0.37
Income	Illegal substitute	0.18	0.0002	0.63	0.431	− 0.59	3.38	0.075
< $45,000	Legal substitute	0.15	< 0.0001			− 0.45
Income	Illegal substitute	0.23	0.0009	3.00	0.092	− 0.81	10.03	0.003
≥ $45,000	Legal substitute	0.12	0.0002			− 0.39
Male	Illegal substitute	0.18	0.0004	1.17	0.287	− 0.62	7.09	0.012
	Legal substitute	0.13	< 0.0001			− 0.42
Female	Illegal substitute	0.29	0.0006	3.60	0.066	− 0.98	10.21	0.003
	Legal substitute	0.14	0.0004			− 0.47
CUDIT < 8	Illegal substitute	0.29	0.0009	1.76	0.193	− 1.02	6.84	0.013
	Legal substitute	0.18	0.0003			− 0.60
CUDIT ≥ 8	Illegal substitute	0.17	0.0004	3.55	0.075	− 0.58	21.3	< 0.0001
	Legal substitute	0.90	< 0.0001			− 0.22

Age and income groups based on a median split; CUDIT, Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test, grouping based on recommended cutoff score for hazardous use of 8 or higher