Table 1.
Distribution of total daily energy intake according to NOVA food groups and subgroups. Canadian adults ≥ 18 years (n = 19,363), 2004
| NOVA food groups and subgroups | % of energy intake mean (SE) |
|---|---|
| Unprocessed or minimally processed foods | 41.58 (0.14) |
| Meat and poultry | 9.74 (0.08) |
| Grains and flours | 7.53 (0.07) |
| Milk and plain yogurt | 5.21 (0.05) |
| Fruits and fruit juices | 5.26 (0.05) |
| Pasta | 3.13 (0.05) |
| Roots and tubers | 3.13 (0.04) |
| Vegetables | 2.44 (0.02) |
| Eggs | 1.83 (0.03) |
| Nuts | 1.01 (0.03) |
| Fish | 0.92 (0.03) |
| Legumes | 0.49 (0.02) |
| Othera | 0.90 (0.02) |
| Culinary ingredients | 6.23 (0.05) |
| Sugarsb | 2.80 (0.03) |
| Plant oils | 2.17 (0.03) |
| Animal fats | 1.00 (0.02) |
| Otherc | 0.26 (0.01) |
| Processed foods | 7.09 (0.07) |
| Cheese | 3.44 (0.05) |
| Canned or preserved foodsd | 2.44 (0.03) |
| Othere | 1.21 (0.04) |
| Ultra-processed foods | 45.10 (0.14) |
| Industrial packaged breads | 8.31 (0.06) |
| Confectionary | 6.82 (0.07) |
| Soft drinks, sweetened fruit juices, and drinks | 6.73 (0.06) |
| Fast food dishesf | 5.07 (0.10) |
| Sauces and spreads | 4.61 (0.05) |
| Margarine | 3.94 (0.04) |
| Sweetened breakfast cereals | 2.67 (0.04) |
| Chips, crackers, and other salty snacks | 2.36 (0.04) |
| Reconstituted meat productsg | 2.00 (0.04) |
| Sweetened milk-based productsh | 0.43 (0.02) |
| Other ultra-processed foodsi | 2.00 (0.04) |
| Total | 100.00 |
Data source: Statistics Canada, CCHS 2.2, Nutrition (Statistics Canada 2008)
aSea foods, spices and herbs, yeast, coffee, tea, un-disaggregated home-made dishes
bWhite and brown sugar, iced sugar, molasses, honey, and maple syrup
cVinegar, coconut milk, unsweetened cocoa powder, cornstarch
dFruits, vegetables, or pulses preserved in oil, salt or sugar; cured, smoked, or pickled meat and fish
eSalted, sweetened or oil-roasted nuts or seeds, almond paste, prepared tofu, condensed milk, peanut butter, pita breads, bannock, and dumpling
fHamburgers, hot dogs, fries, pizzas, sandwiches, and other products bought in fast food outlets
gSausages, luncheon meats, meat spreads, bacon, corned beef, beef jerky, fish sticks, and simulated meats
hIce cream, chocolate milk, flavoured yogurt, milkshakes, and malted milk
iCanned soups, baby products, canned mixed dishes, cheese products, frozen and prepared french fries and onion rings, fish or seafood imitations, meal replacements, sweeteners, protein shake powder, egg substitutes, coffee whitener, veggie slice, sausages, vanilla extract, malt extract, whey protein, added calcium, and soy protein