Table 4.
Odds ratio (95% CI) from smoking initiation models
| Regression variables | Grades 7–9 | Grades 10–12 | All |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Female | 0.72*** (0.70–0.75) | 0.83*** (0.80–0.86) | 0.80*** (0.78–0.82) |
| Caucasian | 0.71*** (0.66–0.76) | 0.73*** (0.70–0.77) | 0.72*** (0.69–0.74) |
| Log (cigarette prices) | 0.15*** (0.11–0.21) | 0.25*** (0.20–0.32) | 0.21*** (0.16–0.26) |
| Weekly pocket money | 1.07*** (1.05–1.08) | 1.08*** (1.07–1.09) | 1.10*** (1.09–1.11) |
| Province (British Columbia as reference) | |||
| Ontario | 1.25** (1.06–1.47) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) |
| Othersa | 2.05*** (1.77–2.38) | 1.26*** (1.10–1.44) | 1.40*** (1.25–1.58) |
| School performance (level 1 and 2 as reference) | |||
| Level 3–4 | 0.43*** (0.38–0.49) | 0.41*** (0.38–0.45) | 0.42*** (0.40–0.45) |
| Level 3 | 0.77*** (0.65–0.90) | 0.83*** (0.76–0.90) | 0.81*** (0.75–0.89) |
| Self-esteem score ≤ 8 | 1.39*** (1.32–1.46) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.12*** (1.08–1.16) |
| Frequency of having 5 drinks of alcohol or more on one occasion in the last 12 months (never as reference) | |||
| Daily | 22.84*** (16.33–31.95) | 9.17*** (6.36–13.22) | 11.51*** (8.43–15.82) |
| 1–5 times a week | 12.55*** (9.52–16.53) | 9.77*** (8.51–11.22) | 11.63*** (10.15–13.33) |
| 1–3 times a month | 7.27** (6.50–8.13) | 6.17*** (5.80–6.57) | 7.47*** (7.16–7.80) |
| Less than once a month | 4.21*** (3.90–4.54) | 2.94*** (2.77–3.12) | 3.71*** (3.52–3.91) |
| Missing school days due to health (6 or more days as reference) | |||
| No missing school days | 0.56*** (0.46–0.67) | 0.58*** (0.50–0.68) | 0.58*** (0.52–0.65) |
| 1–5 days | 0.61*** (0.51–0.72) | 0.66*** (0.57–0.77 | 0.65*** (0.58–0.73) |
| Has home smoking ban | 0.65*** (0.60–0.70) | 0.63*** (0.59–0.67) | 0.64*** (0.61–0.68) |
| No parent/guardian smokes | 0.59*** (0.54–0.65) | 0.71*** (0.69–0.74) | 0.68*** (0.66–.70) |
| No one sibling smokes | 0.46*** (0.43–0.48) | 0.57*** (0.54–0.60) | 0.52*** (0.50–0.54) |
| No one close friend smokes | 0.16*** (0.15–0.17) | 0.28*** (0.27–0.30) | 0.22*** (0.21–0.23) |
| School attachment (strongly agree/agree) | 0.68*** (0.64–0.74) | 0.73*** (0.69–0.77) | 0.68*** (0.65–0.71) |
| Daily physical activity < 1 h | 1.19*** (1.11–1.28) | 0.89*** (0.83–0.96) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) |
| Fruit and vegetable servings ≤ 6 | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | 1.45*** (1.37–1.52) | 1.32*** (1.26–1.38) |
| Price elasticity | − 1.57 | − 0.82 | − 1.13 |
| Income elasticity | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| Weighted observations | 674,610 | 717,533 | 1,392,143 |
Data source: 2012/13 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey
*Significance at 10% level; **significance at 5% level; ***significance at 1% level
aIncluding Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Alberta