Table 3.
Clinical characteristics among the different subgroups.
| Clinical measurement | High-adiponectin subgroup (n = 71) | Moderate-adiponectin subgroup (n = 71) | Low-adiponectin subgroup (n = 71) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 52.24 ± 12.15 | 55.03 ± 10.93 | 53.37 ± 10.07 | 0.323 |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (40.85) | 32 (45.07) | 39 (54.93) | 0.226 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 23 (32.39) | 25 (35.21) | 32 (45.07) | 0.262 |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 44 (61.97) | 47 (66.20) | 49 (69.01) | 0.673 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.26 ± 2.86 | 25.00 ± 2.99∗ | 24.74 ± 2.89∗ | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (y) | 0.5 (0, 6)# | 7 (2, 11.5)∗ | 6 (3, 10)∗ | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125 (120, 131) | 135 (130, 155)∗ | 155 (132, 160)∗ | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.90 ± 8.81 | 84.58 ± 9.19∗ | 87.03 ± 7.89∗ | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.10 (5.39, 9.11) | 9.08 (7.25, 12.62)∗ | 8.81 (7.92, 10.56)∗ | <0.001 |
| PPG (mmol/L) | 9.86 (6.30, 14.25) | 14.60 (11.58, 18.40)∗ | 14.25 (12.30, 17.20)∗ | <0.001 |
| HbA1C (%) | 7.33 ± 2.10 | 8.68 ± 2.00∗ | 8.42 ± 1.57∗ | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.65 ± 0.93 | 4.95 ± 1.15 | 5.11 ± 0.94∗ | 0.024 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.10 (0.74, 1.68) | 1.65 (1.25, 2.17)∗ | 1.48 (1.02, 1.98)∗ | 0.036 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 1.11 ± 0.32∗ | 1.07 ± 0.25∗ | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.10 ± 0.82 | 3.04 ± 0.89 | 3.52 ± 0.96∗# | 0.003 |
| UA (mmol/L) | 316.94 ± 87.70 | 363.83 ± 80.26∗ | 381.92 ± 84.85∗ | <0.001 |
| Fg (g/L) | 3.45 ± 0.94 | 3.79 ± 1.08 | 3.66 ± 0.97 | 0.133 |
| Fins (μU/mL) | 61.65 ± 34.15 | 103.69 ± 51.78∗ | 128.59 ± 55.18∗# | <0.001 |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.10 (0.60, 1.60) | 1.80 (1.50, 3.10)∗ | 2.70 (1.70, 3.50)∗ | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.01 (0.79, 1.92) | 3.04 (0.94, 3.62)∗ | 4.72 (4.20, 6.95)∗ | <0.001 |
| D-IMT (cm) | 0.0451 ± 0.0245 | 0.0768 ± 0.0337∗ | 0.0946 ± 0.0359∗# | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 5.06 ± 1.41 | 2.46 ± 0.39∗ | 1.27 ± 0.33∗# | <0.001 |
| Macroangiopathy, n (%) | 7 (9.86%) | 30 (42.25%) | 46 (64.79%) | <0.001 |
∗Significantly different from the high-adiponectin level subgroup. #Significantly different from the moderate-adiponectin level subgroup. BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PPG: postprandial 2 hours blood glucose; HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA: uric acid; Fg: fibrinogen; Fins: fasting insulin; HOMA2-IR: homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; D-IMT: intima media thickness of the dorsalis pedis artery. Measurement data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (with interquartile ranges).