pSIE1-mediated allelic exchange in wild-type Bacteroides species. (A) Deletion of lpxF from wild-type B. thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482. (Top) Regions of homology (gray) and primer locations (arrowheads) are indicated. (Bottom) PCR results from wild-type (WT), mutant, and complemented strains are shown. (B) PMB sensitivity of wild-type (+), mutant (−), and complemented (c) strains. (C) Deletion of lpxF from a B. vulgatus strain isolated directly from a human donor. (D) PMB sensitivity of the wild-type B. vulgatus human isolate (+), its isogenic lpxF mutant (−), and the complemented strain (c). Representative selection efficiencies during mutant construction are provided in Table S1; MICs determined from liquid cultures are shown in Table S2.