Table 2. Bootstrapped direct and indirect effects for the adapted TPB model.
| Effect | β | Bootstrap SE | Bias-corrected 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effects | ||||
| Predisposing-enabling | 0.856 | 0.161 | 0.547/0.986 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing-attitude | -1.033 | 0.955 | -3.237/-0.340 | 0.002 |
| Predisposing-subjective norm | -0.981 | 1.102 | -3.481/-0.263 | 0.004 |
| Predisposing-PBC* | -0.986 | 1.011 | -3.509/-0.302 | 0.009 |
| Predisposing-dental attendance | -1.768 | 2.572 | -10.020/-0.333 | 0.032 |
| Predisposing-toothbrushing | -0.563 | 0.479 | -1.660/-0.223 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing-sugar intake | 0.007 | 0.173 | -0.257/0.220 | 0.312 |
| Enabling-attitude | 1.237 | 0.914 | 0.754/3.715 | 0.001 |
| Enabling-subjective norm | 1.271 | 1.039 | 0.763/4.013 | 0.001 |
| Enabling- PBC* | 1.260 | 0.964 | 0.785/4.098 | 0.001 |
| Enabling-dental attendance | 2.316 | 2.629 | 0.849/10.167 | 0.021 |
| Enabling-toothbrushing | 0.633 | 0.479 | 0.356/1.781 | 0.001 |
| Enabling-sugar intake | 0.084 | 0.161 | -0.107/0.341 | 0.422 |
| SOC-attitude | 0.353 | 0.057 | 0.258/0.444 | 0.002 |
| SOC-subjective norm | 0.236 | 0.055 | 0.136/0.314 | 0.005 |
| SOC-PBC | 0.234 | 0.063 | 0.133/0.335 | 0.002 |
| SOC-intention | -0.007 | 0.056 | -0.107/0.083 | 0.880 |
| SOC-dental attendance | 0.464 | 0.227 | 0.182/0.958 | 0.014 |
| SOC-toothbrushing | 0.097 | 0.058 | -0.004/0.189 | 0.114 |
| SOC-sugar intake | 0.084 | 0.055 | 0.072/0.255 | 0.008 |
| Attitude-intention | 0.239 | 0.059 | 0.143/0.335 | 0.002 |
| Subjective norm-intention | 0.162 | 0.059 | 0.050/0.247 | 0.012 |
| Perceived control-intention | 0.310 | 0.052 | 0.227/0.402 | 0.003 |
| Attitude-dental attendance | -0.298 | 0.278 | -0.861/0.076 | 0.166 |
| Subjective norm-dental attendance | -0.276 | 0.259 | -0.876/0.037 | 0.140 |
| PBC-dental attendance | -0.348 | 0.254 | -0.811/-0.010 | 0.084 |
| Intention-dental attendance | -0.007 | 0.067 | -0.113/0.110 | 0.929 |
| Indirect effects | ||||
| Predisposing-Attitude | 1.058 | 0.984 | 0.430/3.661 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing-subjective norm | 1.088 | 1.107 | 0.414/3.886 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing- PBC | 1.078 | 1.033 | 0.455/4.045 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing-intention | 0.052 | 0.058 | -0.041/0.150 | 0.360 |
| Predisposing-dental attendance | 1.912 | 2.576 | 0.488/10.888 | 0.017 |
| Predisposing-toothbrushing | 0.542 | 0.510 | 0.207/1.857 | 0.001 |
| Predisposing-sugar intake | 0.072 | 0.152 | -0.058/0.447 | 0.289 |
| Enabling-intention | 0.892 | 0.687 | 0.550/2.646 | 0.001 |
| Enabling-dental attendance | -1.164 | 1.748 | -5.993/-0.049 | 0.086 |
| SOC-intention | 0.195 | 0.043 | 0.124/0.262 | 0.003 |
| SOC-dental attendance | -0.253 | 0.221 | -0.752/0.007 | 0.111 |
| Attitude-dental attendance | -0.002 | 0.017 | -0.024/0.030 | 0.924 |
| Subjective norm-dental attendance | -0.001 | 0.012 | -0.019/0.020 | 0.939 |
| PBC-ental attendance | -0.002 | 0.022 | -0.036/0.034 | 0.933 |
β = bootstrapped standardised estimate; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval.
* Perceived Behavioural Control