Figure 1.

Factors potentially affecting IS topology. (A) Reported topology observed in the TCR-mediated, CAR-mediated and bsAb-mediated IS. The organization of cytoskeleton, signaling and effector molecules along the interface of the IS established by T cells and target cells is depicted. The TCR-mediated and the bsAb-mediated IS display a well-organized bull's eye structure whereas CAR-mediated IS shows a rather disordered structure. Bidirectional arrow and question mark indicate the uncertainty of expected topology in future CAR and bsAb formats. (B) Schematic of the activating system in TCR-mediated physiological IS or CCB-mediated artificial IS. The different factors influencing IS assembly and T cell activation are indicated in the tumor cell and in the T cell.