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. 2020 Jan 10;9:446. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00446

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Eubiotic vaginal microbiota metabolite mixture containing L-LA elicits a similar anti-inflammatory effect on Ect cells compared to L-LA alone. Ect cells seeded in transwells were apically treated with a mixture of vaginal microbiota metabolites at pH 3.9 recapitulating vaginal eubiosis (Eub) and L-LA alone in the absence or presence of the TLR agonists PIC (TLR3) and Pam (TLR1/2) as indicated. Cells were stimulated for 1 h and supernatant collected from the apical compartment after an additional 18 h of culture. Production of IL-1RA (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C), IP-10 (D), RANTES (E), and MIP-3α (F) was quantified using a luminex multiplex assay. Graphs show mean and standard error of the mean from n = 4 independent assays. Mann-Whitney tests were used to estimate statistical significance between treatment groups. + denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05) as compared to untreated (UT) cells. P ≤ 0.05 and ≤ 0.01 are denoted as * and **, respectively. L-LA, L-isomer of lactic acid; TLR, toll-like receptor; PIC, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; Pam, Pam3CSK4.