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. 2020 Jan 16;10:527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57454-4

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neuromorphic artificial touch system encoding grating stimuli with type-1 mechanoreceptor model and performance of coarseness discrimination achieved by transradial amputees. (a) Experimental setup to evaluate the restoration of the perception of textural features in transradial amputees. (b) Transduction based on morphological neural computation (MNC) transforms the geometrical features of the surfaces into a sequence of spikes that are then delivered to the median or ulnar nerves by means of intraneural electrical stimulation. This specific illustration shows example patterns obtained with grating tactile stimuli with 3.0 mm SP1 and 0.5 mm SP2. Artificial fingertip touched the first half-grating for 2 s at 10 mm/s (20 mm sliding), followed by another tactile exploration of a second half-grating. Raster plots of the generated spikes are overlapped to the explored stimuli. (c) Overall performance achieved by the subjects in a three-alternative forced-choice experimental protocol (3AFC) of coarseness discrimination with the set of gratings described in Supplementary Table 1a.