Figure 2.

The Toll-induced candidacidal activity of hemolymph requires Bombardier, but neither Drosomycin nor Metchnikowin. Heat-killed M. luteus was used to activate the Toll pathway in flies. Hemolymph was extracted from flies 24 h after Toll induction, mixed with C. glabrata and incubated for 1 h to allow for killing. The surviving yeast cells were plated, and colonies were counted to determine the level of candidacidal activity in the extracted hemolymph. Colony counts from uninduced w¹¹¹⁸ hemolymph were used as the control for no (0%) killing. Experiments were completed four times, with each point representing one replicate. One-way ANOVA was calculated followed by Tukey's test. Significance is shown relative to the null hypothesis of 0% killing (***p < 0.0001; n.s., not significant, p > 0.05). Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval.