TABLE 2.

Regions showing longitudinal increases and decreases in activation during vestibular stimulation across all six time points.

	Extent (k)	Peak T-value	Peak p-value	MNI coordinates (mm)
				x	y	z
Instant Decrease, During-HDBR + CO2 Recovery
Frontal
R Middle Frontal Gyrusa	21	−3.953	1.238 × 10–4	48	46	20
L Middle Frontal Gyrus	15	−3.617	3.517 × 10–4	−30	26	44
Parietal
R Supramarginal Gyrus	12	−3.999	1.071 × 10–4	58	−30	54
R Supramarginal Gyrusa	59	−3.835	1.798 × 10–4	52	−36	38
Temporal
R Inferior Temporal Gyrusa,b	46	−4.271	4.463 × 10–5	60	−48	−16
Instant Increase, Post-HDBR + CO2 Recovery
Frontal
R Superior Medial Gyrusb	15	3.781	2.123 × 10–4	6	50	50
Anterior Cerebellum
R Cerebellar Lobule VIb	9	4.093	7.938 × 10–5	22	−76	−21
Instant Decrease, Post-HDBR + CO2 Recovery
Subcortical
Brainstemb	15	−3.645	3.229 × 10–4	−4	−16	−16

Clusters that emerged as significant were the same for the “instant, slow recovery” and “cumulative, slow recovery” increase and decrease contrasts. Thus here we report only the statistics for the instant increase and decrease contrasts. Significance level set at p < 0.001 and cluster size k = 10 for whole brain analyses and cluster size k = 5 for cerebellar analyses. Table includes all local maxima separated by more than 20 mm. Whole-brain results are listed first, followed by cerebellar results. Cortical regions were labeled using the AnatomyToolbox atlas via the SPM toolbox BSPMview. Cerebellar regions were labeled using the SUIT atlas. ^aPortions of three “instant decrease, during HDBR + CO₂ recovery” clusters survived p < 0.0005 and k = 10 thresholding:

   (1) R Inferior Temporal Gyrus: k = 24

   (2) R Middle Frontal Gyrus: k = 12

   (3) R Supramarginal Gyrus: k = 59

^bWhole brain and cerebellar clusters with largest T value for each contrast; contrast values are plotted for the peak coordinate within each of these four clusters in Figure 4.