TABLE 4.

Regions showing associations between pre- to post-HDBR + CO₂ differences in behavioral scores and pre- to post-HDBR + CO₂ change in brain activation during vestibular stimulation.

	Extent (k)	Peak T-value	Non-parametric Peak p-value	MNI coordinates (mm)
				x	y	z
FMTa, negative association
Posterior Cerebellum
R Cerebellar Lobule VIIbc	23	5.110	2.000 × 10–4	26	−70	−47
Balance—eyes open, negative association
Temporal
R Superior Temporal Gyrusc	10	3.662	1.333 × 10–4	68	−26	4
R Inferior Temporal Gyrus	12	3.205	4.000 × 10–4	42	2	−36
Occipital
R Lingual Gyrus	29	5.128	1.333 × 10–4	12	−32	0
Subcortical
Brainstem	10	3.812	2.667 × 10–4	−8	−36	−4
Balance—eyes closedb, negative association
Anterior Cerebellum
R Cerebellar Lobule I-IVc	12	6.895	2.000 × 10–4	12	−46	−19
Balance—eyes closed, dynamic head tilt, positive association
Frontal
R Frontal Superior Orbital Cortex	55	4.196	2.000 × 10–4	28	66	0
Cerebellar Crus
L Cerebellar Crus II	10	4.821	2.667 × 10–4	−22	−74	−41
L Cerebellar Crus I	15	4.103	6.667 × 10–5	−40	−76	−41
Balance—eyes closed, dynamic head tilt, negative association
Frontal
R Precentral Gyrus	17	5.112	4.667 × 10–4	56	−14	48
Supplementary Motor Areac,d	90	4.769	1.333 × 10–4	0	−16	74
L Frontal Inferior Orbital Cortex	20	3.754	1.333 × 10–4	−22	18	−22
L Precentral Gyrusd	14	3.524	4.667 × 10–4	−30	−32	70
Parietal
L Postcentral Gyrus	14	3.553	4.000 × 10–4	−58	−20	50
Temporal
R Fusiform Gyrus	549	6.929	1.333 × 10–4	32	−86	2
L Superior Temporal Gyrus	45	5.165	2.000 × 10–4	−54	−50	26
L Middle Temporal Gyrus	37	4.715	4.667 × 10–4	−60	−40	4
Occipital
L Lingual Gyrus	144	6.071	1.333 × 10–4	−18	−92	−14
L Middle Occipital Gyrusd	51	5.560	2.667 × 10–4	−34	−90	6
Subcortical
L Thalamus	47	4.555	6.667 × 10–4	−8	−14	20
Anterior Cerebellum
Right Cerebellar Lobule V	12	6.018	2.000 × 10–4	10	−62	−11

Significance level set at non-parametric p < 0.0005 and cluster size k = 10 for all analyses. Table includes all local maxima separated by more than 20 mm. Whole-brain results are listed first, followed by cerebellar results. Cortical regions were labeled using the AnatomyToolbox atlas via the SPM toolbox BSPMview. Cerebellar regions were labeled using the SUIT atlas. ^aOne outlier subject was excluded from FMT analyses so n = 10; see section “Materials and Methods.” ^bOne outlier subject excluded from balance—eyes closed analyses so n = 10; see section “Materials and Methods.” ^cIndicates clusters for which values from peak coordinate within cluster are plotted against behavior change score in Figure 6. ^dPeak coordinate in cluster falls within region of brain deactivation in response to vestibular stimulation (Figure 3 and Table 1).