Table 4.
Maize genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
| Gene name (Symbol) | Gene model ID1 | Category2 | Encoded protein3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| colorless2 (c2) | GRMZM2G422750 | Enzyme | naringenin-chalcone |
| synthase | |||
| chalcone flavone | GRMZM2G155329 | Enzyme | chalcone isomerase |
| isomerase1 (chi1) | |||
| red aleurone1 (pr1) | GRMZM2G025832 | Enzyme | flavonoid |
| 3'-hydroxylase | |||
| (flavonoid | |||
| 3'-monooxygenase) | |||
| flavone 3-hydroxylase1 | GRMZM2G062396 | Enzyme | flavonone |
| (fht1; F3H) | 3'-hydroxylase | ||
| (flavonol synthase) | |||
| anthocyaninless1 (a1) | GRMZM2G026930 | Enzyme | dihydroflavonol |
| 4-reductase | |||
| (flavonone | |||
| 4-reductase) | |||
| anthocyaninless2 (a2) | GRMZM2G345717 | Enzyme | anthocyanidin |
| synthase | |||
| (leucoanthocyanidin | |||
| dioxygenase) | |||
| bronze1 (bz1) | GRMZM2G165390 | Enzyme | flavonol |
| 3-O-glucocyltransferase | |||
| bronze2 (bz2) | GRMZM2G016241 | Enzyme | glutathione transferase |
| (maleylacetoacetate | |||
| isomerase) | |||
| multidrug resistance | GRMZM2G111903 | Transporter | multidrug-resistance- |
| associated protein3 | like-transporter | ||
| (mrpa3; ZmMrp4) | |||
| scutellar node color1 (sn1) | GRMZM5G822829 | T F | bHLH |
| colorless1 (c1) | GRMZM2G005066 | T F | R2 R3-MYB |
| pericarp color1 p1 | GRMZM2G084799 | T F | R2 R3-MYB |
| purple plant 1 (pl1) | GRMZM2G701063 | T F | R2 R3-MYB |
| colored1 (r1) | GRMZM5G822829 | T F | bHLH |
| colored plant (b1) | GRMZM2G172795 | T F | bHLH |
| pale aleurone color1 (pac1) | GRMZM2G058432 | T F | WD40 |
1Gene model IDS in bold were present in the Oellrich, Walls et al. (2015) dataset.
2The abbreviation TF is short for transcription factor.
3Enzyme encoded protein names from the Plant Metabolic Network (Schläpfer et al., 2017).