TABLE 6.
Percentages and number of individuals in reading difficulty (RD) groups identified with the use of a single cut-off.
| Group | Subgroup | Simulation without measurement error (group %) | Simulation with measurement error (group %) |
| Persistent | RCa → RC | 1.92 (27) | 1.57 (22) |
| RC → RFb | 0.54 (8) | 0.73 (10) | |
| RC → RF + RC | 0.47 (7) | 0.44 (6) | |
| RF → RC | 0.33 (5) | 0.54 (8) | |
| RF → RF | 2.93 (42) | 2.56 (37) | |
| RF → RF + RC | 0.68 (10) | 0.61 (9) | |
| RF + RC → RC | 0.36 (5) | 0.35 (5) | |
| RF + RC → RF | 1.28 (18) | 1.02 (15) | |
| RF + RC → RF + RC | 1.42 (20) | 0.79 (11) | |
| Persistent total | 9.93 (142) | 8.61 (123) | |
| Late emerging | no RDc → RC | 4.38 (63) | 5.10 (73) |
| no RD → RF | 2.23 (32) | 3.26 (47) | |
| no RD → RF + RC | 0.44 (6) | 0.60 (9) | |
| Late-emerging total | 7.05 (101) | 8.96 (129) | |
| Resolving | RC → no RD | 3.50 (50) | 4.38 (63) |
| RF → no RD | 2.48 (36) | 3.41 (49) | |
| RF + RC → no RD | 0.52 (8) | 0.73 (10) | |
| Resolving total | 6.50 (94) | 8.52 (122) | |
| no RD | no RD | 76.52(1,095) | 73.92(1,058) |
aRC, reading comprehension, bRF, reading fluency, cno RD, no reading difficulties. The number in parentheses shows the number of individuals based on the percentage for N = 1,432. On the left side of the arrow is the RD status in grade 2 [only reading fluency difficulties (RF), only reading comprehension difficulties (RC), both reading fluency and reading comprehension difficulties (RF + RC), or no reading difficulties (no RD)]. On the right side of the arrow is the RD status in grade 6. Reading fluency and/or reading comprehension difficulties were calculated using the lowest 10%.