Table 2.
Long-term cost-effectiveness outcomes
| Health outcomes | PIONEER 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral semaglutide 14 mg | Empagliflozin 25 mg | Difference | |
| Discounted life expectancy (years) | 13.19 | 13.13 | + 0.06 |
| Discounted QALE (QALYs) | 8.58 | 8.49 | +0.09 |
| Discounted direct costs (GBP) | 25,856 | 24,885 | + 971 |
| ICER | GBP 11,006 per QALY gained | ||
| Health outcomes | PIONEER 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral semaglutide 14 mg | Sitagliptin 100 mg | Difference | |
| Discounted life expectancy (years) | 12.74 | 12.57 | + 0.17 |
| Discounted QALE (QALYs) | 8.20 | 8.00 | + 0.20 |
| Discounted direct costs (GBP) | 27,226 | 26,263 | + 963 |
| ICER | GBP 4930 per QALY gained | ||
| Health outcomes | PIONEER 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral semaglutide 14 mg | Liraglutide 1.8 mg | Difference | |
| Discounted life expectancy (years) | 13.28 | 13.21 | + 0.07 |
| Discounted QALE (QALYs) | 8.53 | 8.46 | + 0.07 |
| Discounted direct costs (GBP) | 27,868 | 29,418 | − 1551 |
| ICER | Oral semaglutide dominant | ||
Values are given as mean values
GBP Pounds sterling, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, QALE quality-adjusted life expectancy, QALY quality-adjusted life year