Table 4.
eGDR, stratified by tertiles, and relation with age, diabetes duration, control, and complications
| Data | Glucose disposal rate (mg kg−1 min−1) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st tertile < 6.4 (n = 67) (33.5%) |
2nd tertile 6.4–9.5 (n = 57) (28.5%) |
3rd tertile > 9.5 (n = 76) (38%) |
||
| Age (years) | 40.9 ± 13.1 | 31.7 ± 10.1 | 32.1 ± 10.7 | < 0.0011,2 |
| Disease duration (years) | 21.8 ± 11.9 | 14.8 ± 8.1 | 12.8 ± 9.7 | < 0.0011,2 |
| BMI (km/m2) | 26.3 ± 4.8 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | ≤ 0.0041,2 |
| Insulin dose (IU/day) | 62.2 ± 21.2 | 51.7 ± 16.3 | 45.8 ± 17.8 | ≤ 0.0061,2 |
| Insulin dose per kilogram | 0.78 ± 0.22 | 0.73 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.25 | 0.201,2 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.7 ± 2.4 | 9.5 ± 1.9 | 7.8 ± 1.2 | < 0.0012,3 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 0.384 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 0.059 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.0021,2 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1 ± 0.9 | < 0.0011,2 |
| Hypertension | 61 (83.6) | 12 (16.4) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 35 (39.8) | 27 (30.7) | 26 (29.5) | 0.079 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 52 (44.4) | 34 (29.1) | 31 (26.5) | < 0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria | 38 (54.3) | 20 (28.6) | 12 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 39 (54.9) | 22 (31) | 10 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 60 (44.4) | 42 (31.1) | 33 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (82.6) | 0 | 4 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
| Heart attack | 3 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0.049 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 12 (92.3) | 0 | 1 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 14 (82.4) | 0 | 3 (17.6) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 3 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0.049 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or n (%) and differences counted between the relevant tertiles. Superscript numbers adjacent to p values define the tertiles being compared
BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, IU international units