Figure 4.
Resveratrol (Res) inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation, and ameliorated extracellular matrix accumulation in TGF‐β1‐treated fibroblasts. (a) Real‐time cell analysis assay revealed that resveratrol suppressed the TGF‐β1‐mediated proliferation of NRK‐49F cells. (b) The TGF‐β1‐mediated proliferation of NRK‐49F cells was inhibited by resveratrol. Bar = 20 μm. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of 20 independent sections. (c) Resveratrol reduced the mRNA expression of c‐Myc and CCND1 in TGF‐β1‐treated NRK‐49F cells. (d) Resveratrol down‐regulated the expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2 and up‐regulated the expression of bax in TGF‐β1‐treated NRK‐49F cells. (e) Resveratrol inhibited the expression of type III collagen and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in TGF‐β1‐treated NRK‐49F cells. Bar = 20 μm. (f) Resveratrol inhibited the mRNA expression of fibronectin, α‐SMA, and type I and III collagen in TGF‐β1‐treated NRK‐49F cells. (g) Resveratrol inhibited the expression of α‐SMA and type I and III collagen in TGF‐β1‐treated NRK‐49F cells. Res (HD), Res (100 μmol·L−1); Res (LD), Res (10 μmol·L−1). Data are expressed as means ± SEM in quintuplicate for the cell line experiment. *P < .05, significantly different from the control group; # P < .05, significantly different from the TGF‐β1‐treated group