Table 1.

Names and Definitions of Variables That Were Timed During Direct Observation of Swarming Encounter

RN in room	Total time that bedside nurse was present in the room
Resident MD in room	Total time that the resident physician was present in the room
Attending MD in room	Total time that the supervising (attending or fellow) physician was present in the room
Resident MD history	Amount of time resident spent asking questions directly to the patient/family
Attending MD history	Amount of time attending or fellow spent asking questions directly to the patient/family
RN vitals and assessment	Total time for the nurse to do initial vital signs and physical assessment of patient for nursing intake
Resident MD physical exam	Amount of time resident physician is examining patient
Attending MD physical exam	Amount of time attending or fellow is examining patient
Resident MD discusses plan	Total duration of time where resident is explaining assessment and/or plan to the patient and family
Attending MD discusses plan	Total duration of time where attending or fellow is explaining assessment and/or plan to the patient and family