Table 1.
Demographic and Imaging Characteristics of COPDGene Subjects in 10 CT Imaging Subtypes
| Characteristic | No. of Subjects | Moderate to Severe Centrilobular Emphysema |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CT Imaging Abnormality | Paraseptal Emphysema | Bronchial Disease | Small Airway Disease | Mild Emphysema | Upper Lung Predominant | Lower Lung Predominant | Diffuse | Discordant Visual | Discordant Quantitative | P Valuea | ||
| No. of subjects | 2,339 | 2,018 | 861 | 381 | 1,755 | 309 | 53 | 706 | 527 | 131 | … | |
| Age at enrollment, y | 9,080 | 56.3 ± 8.2 | 60.4 ± 8.7 | 56.7 ± 8.8 | 61.0 ± 9.3 | 60.6 ± 9.0 | 64.1 ± 7.4 | 67.5 ± 8.1 | 66.6 ± 7.6 | 61.7 ± 8.8 | 63.1 ± 8.0 | < .001 |
| Female, No. (%) | 9,080 | 1,303 (55.7) | 571 (28.3) | 377 (43.8) | 191 (50.1) | 838 (47.7) | 180 (58.3) | 28 (52.8) | 350 (49.6) | 344 (65.3) | 29 (22.1) | < .001 |
| Race, NHW, No. (%) | 9,080 | 1,503 (64.3) | 1,267 (62.8) | 529 (61.4) | 280 (73.5) | 1,278 (72.8) | 241 (78.0) | 48 (90.6) | 597 (84.6) | 355 (67.4) | 122 (93.1) | < .001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 9,080 | 30.6 ± 6.3 | 26.8 ± 5.5 | 30.8 ± 6.3 | 30.0 ± 6.5 | 28.7 ± 6.0 | 27.6 ± 5.3 | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 25.8 ± 5.1 | 28.8 ± 5.9 | 28.0 ± 5.3 | < .001 |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 9,080 | 1,301 (55.6) | 1,174 (58.2) | 583 (67.7) | 171 (44.9) | 917 (52.3) | 84 (27.2) | 11 (20.8) | 149 (21.1) | 308 (58.4) | 23 (17.6) | < .001 |
| Smoking intensity, pack-years | 9,078 | 35.4 ± 19.8 | 50.5 ± 26.8 | 41.2 ± 23.7 | 39.3 ± 21.1 | 45.0 ± 24.1 | 55.6 ± 27.6 | 50.8 ± 25.3 | 55.8 ± 27.1 | 50.0 ± 24.3 | 40.7 ± 25.4 | < .001 |
| Quantitative CT imaging | ||||||||||||
| PRMfSADb | 8,117 | 5.7 ± 4.0 | 20.2 ± 14.0 | 11.4 ± 9.6 | 17.3 ± 8.9 | 15.9 ± 12.3 | 28.6 ± 9.4 | 39.1 ± 9.1 | 33.6 ± 9.5 | 15.8 ± 11.4 | 26.0 ± 13.3 | < .001 |
| Emphysema, Perc15 | 9,078 | −899.3 ± 23.1 | −927.7 ± 32.5 | −893.8 ± 28.5 | −913.0 ± 17.7 | −916.5 ± 24.7 | −955.7 ± 17.4 | −953.3 ± 12.7 | −957.9 ± 16.4 | −908.8 ± 19.2 | −947.6 ± 5.1 | < .001 |
| Percentage of emphysema at −950 HU | 9,078 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 10.5 ± 12.0 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 4.2 | 20.1 ± 10.7 | 19.1 ± 10.0 | 22.6 ± 12.3 | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 13.7 ± 3.4 | < .001 |
| Upper lobe percentage of emphysema at −950 HU | 9,078 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 12.1 ± 13.6 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 4.4 | 27.2 ± 14.1 | 10.6 ± 6.1 | 23.5 ± 13.5 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 14.6 ± 3.6 | < .001 |
| Lower lobe percentage of emphysema at −950 HU | 9,075 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 11.1 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 4.3 | 9.4 ± 6.2 | 26.7 ± 13.6 | 21.4 ± 12.1 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 5.0 | < .001 |
| Ratio of upper lobe to lower lobe emphysema | 3,995 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 17.7 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 2.8 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 3.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | < .001 |
| Adjusted lung density, g/L | 9,077 | 101.1 ± 21.2 | 76.7 ± 30.5 | 100.9± 22.3 | 90.0 ± 17.6 | 88.5 ± 22.2 | 51.7 ± 19.8 | 56.8 ±15.2 | 50.9 ± 19.3 | 96.1 ± 19.6 | 61.3 ± 8.8 | < .001 |
| Pi10 | 9,078 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | < .001 |
Data are mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise. HU = Hounsfield units; NHW = non-Hispanic white; Perc15 = the 15th percentile of the lung density histogram; Pi10 = hypothetical 10-mm internal perimeter airway; PRMfSAD = parametric response mapping functional small airway disease.
a
P value tests for differences across all 10 groups.
b
The PRMfSAD of quantitative CT imaging integrates inspiratory and expiratory images to produce relative percentages of functional small airway disease defined by lung area < −856 HU at normal expiration.