Table 4.
Change in Lung Function, Chest CT Imaging Phenotypes, and Other Longitudinal Characteristics Over 5 Years in 10 CT Imaging Subtypes
| Characteristic | No. of Subjects | Moderate to Severe Centrilobular Emphysema |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CT Imaging Abnormality | Paraseptal Emphysema | Bronchial Disease | Small Airway Disease | Mild Emphysema | Upper Lung Predominant | Lower Lung Predominant | Diffuse | Discordant Visual | Discordant Quantitative | P Valuea | ||
| No. of subjects | 1,593 | 1,060 | 525 | 276 | 1,159 | 189 | 22 | 345 | 328 | 112 | … | |
| Change in FEV1, mL | 5,013 | −203.63 ± 267.65 | −246.45 ± 315.32 | −186.51 ± 336.40 | −150.12 ± 305.45 | −223.15 ± 277.94 | −246.41 ± 263.71 | −175.67 ± 267.17 | −234.26 ± 245.17 | −221.69 ± 254.25 | −287.17 ± 320.44 | < .001 |
| Change in FEV1, mL/y | 5,013 | −36.13 ± 48.06 | −43.64 ± 56.54 | −32.27 ± 58.68 | −26.45 ± 53.14 | −39.23 ± 49.51 | −45.51 ± 49.40 | −35.20 ± 53.76 | −41.48 ± 41.06 | −38.84 ± 44.88 | −50.31 ± 55.59 | < .001 |
| Change in GOLD spirometry grade, No. (%) | 4,148 | < .001 | ||||||||||
| −1 | 293 | 32 (2.9) | 50 (6.1) | 30 (9.0) | 36 (18.1) | 90 (10.0) | 13 (7.9) | 1 (6.7) | 15 (5.4) | 14 (6.1) | 12 (12.2) | … |
| No change | 3,140 | 1,001 (89.8) | 562 (69.0) | 254 (76.0) | 143 (71.9) | 649 (71.9) | 107 (65.2) | 11 (73.3) | 191 (69.2) | 156 (68.1) | 66 (67.3) | … |
| +1 | 715 | 82 (7.4) | 203 (24.9) | 50 (15.0) | 20 (10.1) | 164 (18.2) | 44 (26.8) | 3 (20.0) | 70 (25.4) | 59 (25.8) | 20 (20.4) | … |
| Change in SGRQ total score | 5,194 | −0.69 ± 15.08 | 2.12 ± 16.79 | −1.46 ± 19.13 | 0.60 ± 13.83 | 0.19 ± 14.29 | 1.52 ± 12.52 | 0.13 ± 11.60 | 4.14 ± 12.75 | 0.71 ± 16.01 | 0.24 ± 11.81 | < .001 |
| Change in 6-minute walking distance | 4,945 | −121.00 ± 351.94 | −150.05 ± 390.70 | −138.73 ± 374.55 | −135.34 ± 323.90 | −131.36 ± 334.22 | −208.92 ± 379.85 | −94.87 ± 349.95 | −219.47 ± 351.80 | −169.96 ± 350.88 | −112.24 ± 237.06 | < .001 |
| Change in adjusted lung density, g/L | 4,744 | 1.41 ± 13.86 | −3.35 ± 13.51 | −0.99 ± 15.13 | 2.65 ± 14.15 | 2.35 ± 14.24 | −4.18 ± 11.93 | −10.10 ± 8.66 | −1.16 ± 11.28 | −5.12 ± 13.51 | 10.15 ± 12.53 | < .001 |
| Change in Perc15 | 4,744 | 1.70 ± 17.44 | −3.06 ± 15.37 | −7.44 ± 24.20 | 2.62 ± 17.27 | 1.75 ± 16.15 | −4.01 ± 11.84 | −8.27 ± 6.77 | −1.24 ± 10.04 | −7.63 ± 13.92 | 10.40 ± 13.03 | < .001 |
| Change in PRMfSADb | 4,020 | 0.83 ± 4.65 | 2.16 ± 8.11 | 2.02 ± 7.99 | −1.64 ± 8.64 | 1.31 ± 9.46 | 1.66 ± 6.45 | 0.68 ± 10.25 | 1.20 ± 7.77 | 3.60 ± 8.53 | −0.64 ± 8.52 | < .001 |
| Survival rates, y, No. (%) | 7,994 | 2,130 | 1,697 | 734 | 340 | 1,544 | 283 | 50 | 643 | 463 | 110 | … |
| 1 | 7,580 | 2,018 (94.7) | 1,636 (96.4) | 699 (95.2) | 313 (92.1) | 1,456 (94.3) | 260 (91.9) | 50 (100.0) | 593 (92.2) | 455 (98.3) | 100 (90.9) | … |
| 3 | 7,341 | 1,990 (93.4) | 1,554 (91.6) | 684 (93.2) | 306 (90.0) | 1,430 (92.6) | 244 (86.2) | 48 (96.0) | 545 (84.8) | 440 (95.0) | 100 (90.9) | … |
| 5 | 6,971 | 1,948 (91.5) | 1,451 (85.5) | 666 (90.7) | 296 (87.1) | 1,379 (89.3) | 212 (74.9) | 38 (76.0) | 460 (71.5) | 422 (91.1) | 99 (90.0) | … |
Data are mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise. See Tables 1, 2 and 3 legends for expansion of abbreviations.
a
P value tests for differences across all 10 groups.
b
The PRMfSAD of quantitative CT imaging integrates inspiratory and expiratory images to produce relative percentages of functional small airway disease defined by lung area < −856 HU at normal expiration.