Table 2.

In vitro models of the BBB, 2D condition.

Cell populations	2D models	Disease	Junction proteins	~TEER (Ω·cm2) Pe10−6 (cm·s−1)	References
Primary mouse BCEC + astrocytes	co-culture	–	occludins, claudins 3 and 5	TEER 800 Pe 4.5 (with sucrose)	Coisne et al., 2005
Primary rat BCEC + astrocytes	co-culture	AD, encephalitis, MS	occludins, claudins 5, ZO-I	TEER 300–600 Pe 1.4 (with sucrose) Pe 4.3 (with Lucifer yellow)	Nakagawa et al., 2007, 2009; Perrière et al., 2007; Abbott et al., 2012
Primary rat BCEC + astrocytes + pericytes	co-culture	AD	occludins, claudins 5, ZO-I	TEER 350–723 Pe 2–4 (with sodium fluorescein)	Nakagawa et al., 2007, 2009; Veszelka et al., 2013; Walter et al., 2015
Primary rat BCEC + astrocytes + neurons	co-culture	AD, epilepsy	occludins, ZO-I	TEER 268	Xue et al., 2013
Primary bovine BCEC + rat astrocytes	co-culture	–	Occludins claudins 1 and 5	TEER 600–800 Pe 0.5 (with mannitol)	Gaillard et al., 2000, 2001; Helms et al., 2010; Helms and Brodin, 2014
Primary bovine BCEC (clonal selection) + rat astrocytes	co-culture	–	occludins, claudins 1 and 5, ZO-I	TEER 800 Pe 6–12.5 (with sucrose)	Dehouck et al., 1990; Cecchelli et al., 1999; Vandenhaute et al., 2011
Primary porcine BCEC + rat astrocytes or astrocyte cell line	co-culture	AD, HD	occludins, claudins 5, ZO-I	TEER 800–1,800 Pe 0.6 (with Lucifer yellow)	Cohen-Kashi Malina et al., 2009; Cantrill et al., 2012; Patabendige et al., 2013

They are based on primary or immortalized cells.

AD, Alzheimer's disease; BCEC, brain capillary endothelial cells; HD, Huntington's disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; P_e, permeability; TEER, trans-endothelial electrical resistance; ZO-1, zonula occludens-1.