Table 1.
Clinical variables of the 150 diabetic patients with or without metabolic syndrome
| Items | All participants (n = 150) | No metabolic syndrome (n = 48) | Metabolic syndrome (n = 102) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.50 (57.00-71.00) | 62.00 (57.00-67.75) | 66.00 (56.75-71.00) | 0.198 |
| Height (cm) | 162.22 ± 8.42 | 163.38 ± 8.07 | 161.67 ± 8.57 | 0.250 |
| Body weight (kg) | 71.60 ± 13.45 | 63.40 ± 9.16 | 75.46 ± 13.44 | < 0.001* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.10 ± 3.96 | 23.68 ± 2.35 | 28.72 ± 3.52 | < 0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.11 ± 9.42 | 83.06 ± 7.08 | 94.89 ± 7.89 | < 0.001* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141.89 ± 18.96 | 129.46 ± 14.76 | 147.75 ± 17.91 | < 0.001* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.77 ± 11.27 | 76.52 ± 9.12 | 85.72 ± 11.02 | < 0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 162.13 ± 30.62 | 163.85 ± 29.75 | 161.31 ± 31.13 | 0.637 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 116.50 (84.75-173.25) | 91.00 (60.25-125.75) | 129.00 (96.50-193.75) | < 0.001* |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 46.57 ± 12.75 | 53.02 ± 13.99 | 43.53 ± 10.93 | < 0.001* |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 99.83 ± 26.48 | 97.98 ± 24.20 | 100.71 ± 27.56 | 0.558 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 138.50 (121.00-175.00) | 125.50 (116.25-157.75) | 143.00 (126.00-183.50) | 0.035* |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.45 (6.60-9.05) | 7.00 (6.40-8.25) | 7.90 (6.70-9.25) | 0.020* |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 16.00 (12.00-18.25) | 15.00 (12.00-18.00) | 16.00 (13.00-19.00) | 0.209 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.90 (0.70-1.00) | 0.90 (0.70-1.08) | 0.80 (0.70-1.00) | 0.979 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 87.16 ± 27.06 | 92.86 ± 28.56 | 84.48 ± 26.04 | 0.077 |
| Insulin (uIU/ml) | 6.79 (3.59-13.23) | 3.65 (1.99-5.66) | 9.81 (5.37-17.80) | < 0.001* |
| HOMA-IR | 2.52 (1.16-5.04) | 1.15 (0.77-1.90) | 3.63 (1.99-6.89) | < 0.001* |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 29.73 ± 11.01 | 34.68 ± 11.03 | 27.40 ± 10.26 | < 0.001* |
| Female (n, %) | 61 (40.7) | 12 (25.0) | 49 (48.0) | 0.007* |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 78 (52.0) | 17 (35.4) | 61 (59.8) | 0.005* |
Values for continuous variables given as means ± standard deviation and are tested by Student’s t-test; variables not normally distributed given as medians and interquartile range and are tested by Mann-Whitney U test; values are presented as number (%) and analysis was done using the chi-square test. HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
*
P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant after the Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.