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Apelin Plays Role on Human RPE Cells via PI-3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk Signaling Pathways. RPE cells were pretreated with 10 μM LY294002 or 20 μM PD98059 for 30 min and then incubated with 100 ng/mL apelin for 30 min for assay of Akt and Erk phosphorylation. Levels of phosphorylated Akt and Erk were determined with western blot analysis. *P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 versus untreated control.
