Table I.
Dietary supplements used for the management of hypertension.
| SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary supplement | Participants | No. of participants | Dose (per day) | Period (weeks) | Baseline | Final | Change | Baseline | Final | Change | Author/(Refs.) |
| Coenzyme Q10 | HT | 109 | 225 mg | >52 | 159.2 | 147.8 | −11.4 | 94.4 | 85.4 | −9.0 | Langsjoen and Langsjoen (15) |
| HT | 26 | 100 mg | 10 | 164.5 | 146.7 | −17.8 | 98.1 | 86.1 | −12.0 | Digiesi et al (16) | |
| HT, CAD | 59 | 120 mg | 8 | 168 | 152 | −16 | 106 | 97 | −9 | Singh et al (17) | |
| Vitamin C | HT | 39 | 500 mg | 4 | 155 | 142 | −13 | – | – | – | Duffy et al (21) |
| HT | 70 | 500 mg | 6 | 142.2 | 129.1 | −13.1 | 89.3 | 84.5 | −4.8 | Afrose et al (22) | |
| Fish oil | HT | 32 | 4 g | 16 | 154 | 146 | −8 | 97 | 91 | −6 | Prisco et al (29) |
| HT | 156 | 6 g | 10 | 144.9 | 140.3 | −4.6 | 95.0 | 92.0 | −3.0 | Bønaa et al (30) | |
| Healthy | 162 | 3.6 g | 12 | 122.4 | – | −2.2%a | 74.6 | – | −3.8%a | Rasmussen et al (31) | |
| Ginseng | |||||||||||
| Korean red ginseng | Healthy | 23 | 400 mg | (3 h) | 100.2 | 94.5 | −5.7 | 71.1 | 66.0 | −5.1 | Jovanovski et al (35) |
| American ginseng | HT, Diabetes | 64 | 3 g | 12 | 148.5 | 131.1 | −17.4 | 84.9 | 77.8 | −7.1 | Mucalo et al (36) |
| Garlic | |||||||||||
| Kwai garlic powder | HT | 84 | 900 mg | 8 | 152.1 | 146.7 | −5.4 | 96.4 | 95.4 | −1.0 | Sobenin et al (46) |
| Garlic homogenate diet | HT | 40 | 300 mg | 12 | 142.7 | 136.1 | −6.6 | 90.2 | 85.6 | −4.6 | Nakasone et al (47) |
| Aged garlic extract | HT | 88 | 1.2 g | 12 | 148.7 | 141.7 | −7.0 | 89.9 | 86.1 | −3.8 | Ried et al (50) |
| Probiotics | |||||||||||
| Lactobacillus plantarum | Healthy | 36 | 2×108 CFU | 6 | 134 | 121 | −13 | 89 | 85 | −4 | Naruszewicz et al (66) |
| Fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae | HT | 46 | 160 g | 4 | 147.6 | 142.5 | −5.1 | 95.3 | 92.4 | −2.9 | Mizushima et al (67) |
| Fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis | HT | 39 | 100 ml | 12 | 155.1 | 137.7 | −17.4 | 93.3 | 86.1 | −7.2 | Inoue et al (68) |
a
These values are in percentages, as only these values were available. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HT, hypertension; CAD, coronary artery disease; CFU, colony forming unit.