Table 3. Additional risk factors for antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in our population.
| Category | AAD | AAAP | AAC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n° | RR (CI) | n° | RR (CI) | n° | RR (CI) | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 34/155 (21.9) | 1.17 (0.74–1.87) | 15/155 (9.7) | 1.08 (0.52–2.23) | 12/155 (7.7) | 0.94 (0.43–2.07) | |
| Female | 25/134 (18.7) | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) | 12/134 (9.0) | 0.93 (0.45–1.90) | 11/134 (8.2) | 1.06 (0.48–2.32) | |
| Age (yr) | |||||||
| 0–3 | 44/118 (37.2) | 4.25 (2.49–7.27) | 3/118 (2.5) | 0.18 (0.06–0.58) | 7/118 (5.9) | 0.63 (0.27–1.49) | |
| <1 | 22/47 (46.1) | 3.06 (2.00–4.68) | 1/47 (2.1) | 0.20 (0.03–1.42) | 2/47 (4.2) | 0.49 (0.12–2.02) | |
| >3 | 15/171 (8.8) | 0.24 (0.14–0.40) | 24/171 (14.0) | 5.52 (1.70–17.91) | 16/171 (9.3) | 1.57 (0.67–3.71) | |
| >6 | 5/84 (6.0) | 0.23 (0.09–0.54) | 17/84 (20.2) | 4.15 (1.98–8.68) | 9/84 (10.7) | 1.57 (0.71–3.48) | |
| Site of infection | |||||||
| Ear | 4/25 (16.0) | 0.77 (0.30–1.94) | 3/25 (12.0) | 1.32 (0.43–4.08) | 2/25 (8.0) | 1.01 (0.25–4.04) | |
| Upper resp. airways | 18/88 (20.5) | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | 9/88 (10.2) | 1.14 (0.53–2.44) | 5/88 (5.7) | 0.63 (0.24–1.65) | |
| Lower resp. airways | 24/71 (33.8) | 2.11 (1.35–3.29) | 6/71 (8.5) | 0.88 (0.37–2.09) | 2/71 (2.8) | 0.29 (0.07–1.22) | |
| Urinary tract | 7/21 (33.3) | 3.67 (1.85–7.28) | 1/21 (4.8) | 0.49 (0.07–3.44) | 1/21 (4.8) | 0.58 (0.08–4.10) | |
| Surgery | 4/58 (6.9) | 0.29 (0.11–0.77) | 7/58 (12.1) | 1.39 (0.62–3.14) | 9/58 (15.5) | 2.56 (1.17–5.62) | |
| Lymph nodes | 1/10 (10.0) | 0.48 (0.07–3.13) | 1/10 (10.0) | 1.07 (0.16–7.14) | 1/10 (10.0) | 1.26 (0.19–8.50) | |
| Soft tissues | 2/14 (14.3) | 0.69 (0.19–2.54) | 1/14 (7.1) | 0.76 (0.11–5.17) | 1/14 (7.1) | 0.89 (0.13–6.16) | |
| Other | 3/17 (17.6) | 0.86 (0.30–2.46) | 0/17 (0.0) | 0.28 (0.02–4.34) | 3/17 (17.6) | 2.40 (0.79–7.28) | |
| Previous gastrointestinal symptoms | |||||||
| AAD | 13/38 (34.2) | 1.87 (1.12–3.12) | 5/38 (13.2) | 1.50 (0.60–3.73) | 3/38 (7.9) | 0.99 (0.31–3.17) | |
| Recurrent abdominal pain | 3/33 (9.1) | 0.42 (0.14–1.25) | 13/33 (39.4) | 7.20 (3.71–13.97) | 4/33 (4.1) | 1.63 (0.59–4.51) | |
| Constipation | 2/19 (10.5) | 0.50 (0.13–1.89) | 6/19 (31.6) | 4.06 (1.86–8.85) | 8/19 (42.1) | 7.58 (3.69–15.59) | |
| No AAD or FGIDs | 42/214 (19.6) | 0.87 (0.53–1.43) | 10/214 (4.7) | 0.21 (0.10–0.43) | 11/214 (5.1) | 0.39 (0.17–0.87) | |
| Positive family history | |||||||
| AAD | 3/23 (13.0) | 0.62 (0.21–1.83) | 1/23 (4.3) | 0.45 (0.06–3.13) | 0/23 (0.0) | 0.42 (0.03–6.66) | |
| FGIDs | 7/22 (31.8) | 1.63 (0.85–3.16) | 4/22 (18.2) | 2.11 (0.80–5.56) | 3/22 (13.6) | 1.82 (0.59–5.65) | |
| AAD or FGIDs | 9/43 (20.9) | 1.03 (0.55–1.94) | 5/43 (11.6) | 1.30 (0.52–3.25) | 3/43 (7.0) | 0.86 (0.27–2.76) | |
| None | 50/246 (20.3) | 0.97 (0.52–1.83) | 22/246 (8.9) | 0.77 (0.31–1.92) | 20/246 (8.1) | 1.16 (0.36–3.75) | |
Values are presented as number (%).
AAD: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, AAAP: antibiotic-associated abdominal pain, AAC: antibiotic-associated constipation, RR: relative risk, CI: confidence interval, resp: respiratory, FGIDs: functional gastrointestinal disorders.