Table 4. Gastrointestinal manifestations associated with antibiotic treatment in our population stratified by probiotic used.
| Probiotic strains | AAD | AAAP | AAC | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAD n° | AAD (N/O) n° | RR (CI) (vs. N/O) | RR (CI) (vs. N) | NNT (CI) (vs. N) | AAAP n° | AAAP (N/O) n° | RR (CI) (vs. N/O) | RR (CI) (vs. N) | NNT (CI) (vs. N) | AAC n° | AAC (N/O) n° | RR (CI) (vs. N/O) | RR (CI) (vs. N) | NNT (CI) (vs. N) | |
| LGG (ATCC 53103) | 18/117 (15.4) | 41/172 (23.8) | 0.65 (0.39–1.07) | 0.37 (0.22–0.61) | 3.8 (2.61–6.93) | 9/129 (7.0) | 18/160 (11.3) | 0.62 (0.29–1.33) | 0.37 (0.17–0.84) | 8.5 (4.78–38.60) | 10/132 (7.6) | 13/157 (8.3) | 0.91 (0.41–2.02) | 0.63 (0.25–1.57) | 22.3 (−23.27–7.53) |
| Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) | 6/41 (14.6) | 53/248 (21.4) | 0.68 (0.31–1.49) | 0.35 (0.16–0.77) | 3.7 (2.27–9.85) | 2/45 (4.4) | 25/244 (10.2) | 0.43 (0.11–1.77) | 0.24 (0.06–1.01) | 7.0 (3.73–54.53) | 1/46 (2.2) | 22/243 (9.1) | 0.24 (0.03–1.74) | 0.18 (0.02–1.41) | 10.1 (−417.2–4.99) |
| Bacillus clausii | 1/14 (7.1) | 58/275 (21.1) | 0.34 (0.05–2.27) | 0.17 (0.03–1.15) | 2.9 (1.64–12.23) | 1/14 (7.1) | 26/275 (9.5) | 0.76 (0.11–5.17) | 0.38 (0.06–2.69) | 8.6 (−10.21–3.03) | 2/15 (13.3) | 21/274 (7.7) | 1.74 (0.45–6.74) | 1.10 (0.26–4.78) | 79.1 (−5.02–5.75) |
| Saccharomyces boulardii | 0/11 (0.0) | 59/278 (21.2) | 0.20 (0.01–2.97) | 0.09 (0.01–1.39) | 2.7 (1.52–10.58) | 0/10 (0.0) | 27/279 (9.7) | 0.46 (0.03–7.11) | 0.24 (0.02–3.71) | 6.8 (−10.93–2.60) | 1/11 (9.1) | 22/278 (7.9) | 1.15 (0.17–7.77) | 0.75 (0.10–5.53) | 33.6 (−5.67–4.24) |
| Mix | 1/25 (4.0) | 58/264 (22.0) | 0.18 (0.03–1.26) | 0.10 (0.01–0.67) | 2.6 (1.74–5.57) | 2/24 (8.3) | 25/265 (9.4) | 0.88 (0.22–3.51) | 0.44 (0.11–1.84) | 9.6 (−15.14–3.65) | 2/23 (8.7) | 21/264 (8.0) | 1.01 (0.25–4.04) | 0.66 (0.15–2.97) | 24.6 (−9.54–5.37) |
| Other | 0/9 (0.0) | 59/280 (21.1) | 0.29 (0.02–4.03) | 0.12 (0.01–1.80) | 2.7 (1.47–16.88) | 1/9 (11.1) | 26/280 (9.3) | 1.20 (0.18–7.87) | 0.54 (0.08–3.67) | 11.4 (−6.05–2.94) | 1/9 (11.1) | 22/280 (7.9) | 1.41 (0.21–9.37) | 0.92 (0.13–6.63) | 104.4 (−4.59–4.22) |
| Any probiotic | 26/210 (12.4) | 33/79 (41.8) | 0.30 (0.19–0.46) | 0.30 (0.19–0.46) | 3.4 (2.55–5.12) | 15/225 (6.7) | 12/64 (18.8) | 0.36 (0.18–0.72) | 0.36 (0.18–0.72) | 8.3 (5.00–24.25) | 16/231 (6.9) | 7/58 (12.1) | 0.57 (0.25–1.33) | 0.57 (0.25–1.33) | 19.4 (−38.08–7.75) |
Values are presented as number (%).
AAD: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, AAAP: antibiotic-associated abdominal pain, AAC: antibiotic-associated constipation, N/O: group without any probiotic plus probiotic products with different strains, RR: relative risk, CI: confidence interval, N: group without any probiotic, NNT: number needed to treat, LGG: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.