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. 2019 Nov 22;11(12):1847. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121847

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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All-trans retinoic acid (tRA) enhanced the transcription of SerRS to suppress VEGFA expression in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pretreated with vehicle (DMSO) or tRA 24 hours before UV radiation. (a) mRNA levels of VEGFA in HaCaT cells were detected by RT-PCR. (b) VEGFA secretion was determined via ELISA. (c) Details of constructed plasmids, all with luciferase reporter, but discriminatively with intact SerRS promoter or the deleted binding sites of RARE1 or RARE2. (d) Relative SerRS activity was analyzed via luciferase assay in HaCaT-SerRS^WT cells. (e) Relative SerRS activity was analyzed via luciferase assay in HaCaT-SerRS^WT, HaCaT-SerRS^ΔRARE1, and HaCaT-SerRS^ΔRARE2 cells. (f) Transcriptional levels of SerRS were analyzed with RT-PCR. (g) Western blot analysis of SerRS expression; β-actin serves as a loading control. All values above are shown as means ± SEM (n = 3, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

All-trans retinoic acid (tRA) enhanced the transcription of SerRS to suppress VEGFA expression in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pretreated with vehicle (DMSO) or tRA 24 hours before UV radiation. (a) mRNA levels of VEGFA in HaCaT cells were detected by RT-PCR. (b) VEGFA secretion was determined via ELISA. (c) Details of constructed plasmids, all with luciferase reporter, but discriminatively with intact SerRS promoter or the deleted binding sites of RARE1 or RARE2. (d) Relative SerRS activity was analyzed via luciferase assay in HaCaT-SerRS^WT cells. (e) Relative SerRS activity was analyzed via luciferase assay in HaCaT-SerRS^WT, HaCaT-SerRS^ΔRARE1, and HaCaT-SerRS^ΔRARE2 cells. (f) Transcriptional levels of SerRS were analyzed with RT-PCR. (g) Western blot analysis of SerRS expression; β-actin serves as a loading control. All values above are shown as means ± SEM (n = 3, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).