| CCO | cholangiocarcinoma organoid |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| ICC | intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma |
| NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
| NOS | nitric oxide synthase |
| NOX | NADPH oxidase |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| Rspo1 | R-spondin 1 |
| RT-PCR | quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
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