Figure 3.

GLUL KO drug-resistant cells displayed reduced apoptosis. A549 control (DMSO-treated) or GLUL KO (cl3) cells were treated with various chemotherapeutic drugs for 12–18 h, as indicated. Subsequently, the expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)/cleaved PARP and α-tubulin were analyzed by western blot. Quantification of protein levels is presented on the ride side of each western blot, and the approximate location of various molecular weight markers is indicated on the left side of each blot. kDa, kilo Dalton. The data are shown as mean ± SEM; p-values were determined using a two-tailed unpaired t-test; ** p ≤ 0.001.