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. 2019 Nov 25;11(12):1857. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121857

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immune landscape modifiers and cancer disparity: socioeconomic status-associated stress impacts on cortisol and Vitamin D and Vitamin D receptors. These are involved in eroding the immunological landscape by decreasing the Th1:Th2 ratio, impairing antigen presentation and NK cell function. Such changes favor aggressive disease and poor outcome in African American men. CRH, corticotropin releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone.