Table 5.

Main effects of ordinary least squares regression models with robust standard errors predicting problem gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen) in 3 countries.

Model		United States				South Korea				Finland
		Ba	SE	Beta	P value	B	SE	Beta	P value	B	SE	Beta	P value
Model 1
	Constant	–.91	0.54	—b	.1	1.7c	0.40c	—	<.001c	2.4c	0.60c	—	<.001c
	Perceived loneliness	.14c	0.04c	.10c	.001c	.21c	0.04c	.18c	<.001c	.16c	0.04c	.11c	.001c
	Age (years)	.13c	0.03c	.15c	<.001c	–.05c	0.02c	–.09c	.01c	0.01	0.03	0.01	.67
	Genderd	–.76c	0.15c	–.14c	<.001c	–.63c	0.11c	–.16c	<.001c	–1.3c	0.15c	–.26c	<.001c
	Living alonee	1.1c	0.32c	.13c	.001c	0.42	0.25	0.07	.09	0.05	0.17	0.01	.76
	R2	0.08	—	—	—	0.06	—	—	—	0.07	—	—	—
Model 2
	Constant	–1.7c	0.77c	—	.02c	0.89	0.64	—	.17	3.1c	1.0c	—	.002c
	Perceived loneliness	0.01	0.05	0	.91	.14c	0.04c	.12c	.001c	0.01	0.06	0.01	.81
	Age (years)	.12c	0.02c	.14c	<.001c	–.03	0.02	–.05	.1	0	0.03	0	.94
	Genderd	–.74c	0.14c	–.14c	<.001c	–.63c	0.12c	–.16c	<.001c	–1.4c	0.16c	–.28c	<.001c
	Living alonee	1.0c	0.32c	.12c	.001c	0.45	0.24	0.07	.07	0.06	0.17	0.01	.75
	Belong to friends	–.02	0.03	–.02	.47	–.03	0.03	–.03	.35	–.07	0.04	–.07	.11
	Belonging to an online community	.16c	0.03c	.16c	<.001c	.12c	0.03c	.14c	<.001c	0.01	0.03	0.01	.83
	Psychological distress	.08c	0.01c	.20c	<.001c	.03c	0.01c	.10c	.02c	.07c	0.02c	.17c	<.001c
	Adjusted R2	0.13	—	—	—	0.08	—	—	—	0.09	—	—	—

^aUnstandardized regression coefficient.

^bValue not applicable.

^cStatistically significant results (P<.05).

^dGender reference category male.

^eLiving alone measured with a dummy variable (0=No, 1=Yes).