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. 2019 Dec 5;11(12):1947. doi: 10.3390/cancers11121947

Figure 6.

Figure 6

ISO-mediated SPHK1/2 inhibition was partly involved in ROS production and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SPHK1/2 gene silencing was performed for 6 h, and cells were treated with ISO for 48 h. (A,B) ROS production. Scale bars: 500 µm (C–E) Level of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared with untreated control group. ## p < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared with SPHK KD group, ns: not significant.