| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| GEM | genetically engineered mouse |
| TG | transgenic |
| KO | knockout: |
| R-H model | resistant hepatocyte model |
| TS | tumor suppressor |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| NASH | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| NAFLD | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| CCl4 | carbon tetrachloride |
| DEN | diethylnitrosamine |
| EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| c-Myc | avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene cellular homolog |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| Ras | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
| Igf2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 |
| GPC3 | beta catenin: Ctnnb1; glypican 3 |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| CK19 | cytokeratin 19 |
| NRF2 | nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| THRB | thyroid hormone receptor beta |
| TGF-b | transforming growth factor beta |