Interoperability, population-level data |
Data exchange |
• API [29], FHIR [26] |
• Consider open-source platforms |
• Consider CERNER FHIR integrations |
Data analysis |
Data collection, processing and analysis |
Common terminologies |
Develop the system using the common and accepted standards and terminology for data schema definitions: |
International Classification of Diseases and its clinical modifications |
International Classification of Primary Care |
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) |
Cross-border integrations |
PARENT [20] |
Accessibility |
Selection bias |
Accessibility according to standards (across socio-demographic, geographical location, language groups, also split by familiarity with technology, ability to communicate, etc.) |
Patient-centricity, privacy, patient goals and engagement |
Roles of stakeholders are not defined |
Define the roles of stakeholders via use cases [31] |
Security |
Patient access to data and content |
Design user-friendly dashboards, updated with real-time information [16] |
Legislative requirements |
Ensure GDPR, HIPAA compliance and on the EU level, adhere to the cross-border healthcare directive (CBHD). Consider anonymising the data before it is shared |
Personal privacy |
Investigate pseudo-anonymization and interviews cases |
User experience (trust and openness) |
Use common frameworks and templates [32] for: |
Design principles |
Look and feel—grid, colours and typography |
Reusable components and design patterns that solve common problems |
Content style guide—how to write |
Accessibility |
Security of technology |
Consider encryption, server location, SSL, Database |
Sustainability and extendability |
Maintenance of the technology platform and operations |
Holistic strategy for the system implementation, support and development |
No dependency on proprietary tech platforms (open-source, widely adopted tech). Low dependence on future tech maintenance [33] |
Long-term sustainability and development |
Flexibility in allowing additional fields if there are new diagnostic methods |
Architecture allowing adding new data sources |
Low-maintenance technology and architecture |