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. 2020 Jan 16;17:23. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1695-x

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Increased hippocampal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 after anesthesia and surgery were detected on day 8 post-surgery, which were attenuated by MEM treatment. a Representative Western blots of IL-1β in the hippocampus. β-tubulin was included as loading control. b Quantitative analysis of IL-1β levels. c Representative Western blots of IL-6 in the hippocampus. β-tubulin was included as loading control. d Quantitative analysis of IL-6 levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05 compared to the con + veh group (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), #p < 0.05 compared to the sur + veh group (^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001)