Table 4.

Multiple logistic regression analysis of knowledge and other factors associated with self-medication during pregnancy

Variable	Model 1a	Model 2b	Model 3c	Model 4d
	cOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Knowledge of OTC medication (all statements)
Knowledge total score	1.12 (0.99–1.26)	1.16 (1.02–1.33)*	–	–
Overall knowledge
Lower	1.00	–	1.00	–
Higher	1.79 (0.91–3.50)	–	2.15 (1.03–4.46)*	–
Knowledge regarding OTC medication with important statements
Knowledge about the need to consult any healthcare provider
Incorrect	1.00	–	–	1.00
Correct	3.26 (0.76–14.00)	–	–	5.07 (1.11–23.2)*
Knowledge about possible risk from taking OTC medication during pregnancy
Incorrect	1.00	–	–	1.00
Correct	0.35 (0.18–0.70)**	–	–	0.29 (0.14–0.60)**
Socio-demographic characteristic
Age
16–27	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
28–45	1.57 (0.80–3.07)	2.20 (1.05–4.57)*	2.18 (1.05–4.53)*	2.14 (1.01–4.50)*

OTC over-the-counter, cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confident interval

^aCrude Model

^bModel 2 included knowledge total scores and all adjusting variables of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gestational age, education, occupation, residence, and household income), self-perceived health status, and check drug’s leaflet

^cModel 3 included overall knowledge (lower vs. higher) and all adjusting variables listed in Model 2

^dModel 4 included two knowledge statements of “the need to consult any healthcare provider” and “possible risk from taking OTC medication during pregnancy” and all adjusting variables listed in Model 2

p value * < 0.05; ** < 0.01