Table 2.
Mean ± SD performance value of postural stability, proprioception, and WOMAC.
 |
Time point mean ± SD |
Condition effect |
Time effect |
Condition x time effect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Postural stability (mm) |
Baseline | P | Week 8 | Week 12 | P | P | P | F | η2 |
| OPAP | |||||||||
| BD | 4.92 ± 0.91 | 0.184 | 4.67 ± 1.23 | 4.71 ± 1.54 | 0.754 | 0.588 | 0.440 | 0.760 | 0.016 |
| CG | 4.60 ± 0.76 | 4.56 ± 1.29 | 5.08 ± 2.00 | ||||||
| OPML | |||||||||
| BD | 4.44 ± 1.12 | 0.223 | 4.04 ± 0.94 | 4.36 ± 2.12 | 0.850 | 0.301 | 0.373 | 0.931 | 0.019 |
| CG | 4.00 ± 1.38 | 4.16 ± 1.03 | 4.84 ± 2.09 | ||||||
| CPAP | |||||||||
| BD | 6.28 ± 1.72 | 0.769 | 5.48 ± 0.96 | 5.44 ± 1.26 | 0.006* | 0.217 | 0.035* | 3.459 | 0.067 |
| CG | 6.16 ± 1.07 | 6.08 ± 1.12 | 6.64 ± 1.11 | ||||||
| CPML | |||||||||
| BD | 5.96 ± 1.74 | 0.928 | 5.64 ± 1.58 | 5.56 ± 1.08 | 0.093 | 0.993 | 0.376 | 0.987 | 0.020 |
| CG | 5.92 ± 1.32 | 6.282.37 | 6.40 ± 1.61 | ||||||
| Proprioception | |||||||||
| TTE (s) | |||||||||
| BD | 43.84 ± 10.84 | 0.500 | 38.52 ± 12.13 | 31.16 ± 6.81 | 0.023* | 0.001* | 0.029* | 3.699 | 0.071 |
| CG | 41.96 ± 8.61 | 43.40 ± 11.84 | 39.64 ± 7.11 | ||||||
| ATE (%) | |||||||||
| BD | 58.56 ± 17.99 | 0.093 | 37.60 ± 17.08 | 43.20 ± 20.64 | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.144 | 1.977 | 0.040 |
| CG | 66.84 ± 16.12 | 57.56 ± 13.76 | 54.00 ± 12.37 | ||||||
| WOMAC | |||||||||
| Overall | |||||||||
| BD | 31.94 ± 12.32 | 0.523 | 20.08 ± 9.95 | 14.52 ± 6.17 | 0.003* | 0.001* | 0.001* | 19.572 | 0.290 |
| CG | 29.24 ± 11.41 | 30.16 ± 10.95 | 28.28 ± 8.40 | ||||||
| Pain | |||||||||
| BD | 6.64 ± 2.74 | 0.528 | 2.88 ± 1.54 | 3.68 ± 6.07 | 0.015* | 0.011* | 0.357 | 0.988 | 0.020 |
| CG | 7.68 ± 9.34 | 6.48 ± 2.37 | 4.92 ± 1.41 | ||||||
| Stiffness | |||||||||
| BD | 4.16 ± 2.14 | 0.757 | 2.04 ± 1.43 | 2.32 ± 1.38 | 0.001* | 0.686 | 0.001* | 31.248 | 0.390 |
| CG | 4.32 ± 1.44 | 7.00 ± 2.63 | 6.40 ± 2.04 | ||||||
| Physical function | |||||||||
| BD | 20.84 ± 11.04 | 0.529 | 15.64 ± 8.87 | 9.52 ± 6.04 | 0.271 | 0.001* | 0.005* | 5.679 | 0.106 |
| CG | 19.08 ± 8.41 | 17.00 ± 8.71 | 16.24 ± 6.82 | ||||||
OP, open eyes; AP, anteroposterior; ML, mediolateral; CP, closed eyes; TTE, test time execution; ATE, average trace error; SD, standard deviation; BD, Baduanjin group; CG, control group; WOMAC, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
*
Denotes a significant effect (P < 0.05).