Figure 2. Concentrations of loline alkaloids produced by the fungal endophyte Epichloë occultans in Lolium multiflorum plants.

Loline alkaloids were measured ten days after plants were exposed to salicylic acid (treated: SA+, untreated: SA−). Total lolines (black bars) are the sum of N-formylloline (NFL, grey bars) and N-acetylnorloline (NANL, white bars) derivatives. Non-symbiotic plants do not produce loline alkaloids. Each loline compound was analysed separately (see ‘Material and Method’ section). n.s. means non-significant differences between treatments. The bars represent mean values ± S.E.M. (n = 8).