Table 2.
Demographic data of the patients and comparison of clinical characteristics between the non-survivors and survivors
| All the patients (N = 506) | Non-survivors (N = 17) | Survivors (N = 489) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 87 ± 6 (70–102) | 88 ± 7 (74–99) | 87 ± 6 (70–102) | 0.403 |
| Male | 94 (18.6) | 4 (23.5) | 90 (18.4) | 0.593 |
| Body mass index | 20.4 ± 3.2 (13.7–32.0) | 18.9 ± 4.1 (14.2–30.8) | 20.5 ± 3.2 (13.7–32.0) | 0.018 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 283 (55.9) | 9 (52.9) | 274 (56.0) | 0.801 |
| Old cerebral infarction | 63 (12.5) | 4 (23.5) | 59 (12.1) | 0.159 |
| Chronic heart failure | 61 (12.1) | 2 (11.8) | 59 (12.1) | 0.970 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 58 (9.6) | 3 (17.6) | 55 (11.2) | 0.416 |
| Chronic renal failure | 21 (4.2) | 1 (5.9) | 20 (4.1) | 0.716 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 20 (4.0) | 2 (11.8) | 18 (3.7) | 0.093 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 18 (3.6) | 2 (11.8) | 16 (3.3) | 0.063 |
| Old myocardial infarction | 15 (3.0) | 1 (5.9) | 14 (2.9) | 0.471 |
| Insertion of cardiac pacemaker | 9 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 9 (1.8) | 0.573 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.1 ± 1.8 (6.1–16.8) | 10.4 ± 2.2 (6.6–15.6) | 11.2 ± 1.8 (6.1–16.8) | 0.114 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 2.6 ± 3.5 (0.0–24.3) | 2.7 ± 3.3 (0.0–12.5) | 2.6 ± 3.5 (0.0–24.3) | 0.653 |
| Albumin concentration (g/dl) | 3.5 ± 0.5 (2.1–4.6) | 3.2 ± 0.5 (2.2–4.0) | 3.5 ± 0.5 (2.1–4.6) | 0.006 |
| Sodium concentration (mEq/L) | 139 ± 4 (120–162) | 140 ± 5 (131–147) | 139 ± 4 (120–162) | 0.391 |
| Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio | 26.7 ± 9.1 (7.8–83.2) | 29.0 ± 12.4 (10.4–56.3) | 26.7 ± 8.9 (7.8–83.2) | 0.601 |
| ASA classification ≥ 3 | 249 (49.2%) | 15 (88.2%) | 234 (47.8%) | 0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 64 ± 9 (39–89) | 63 ± 10 (45–80) | 64 ± 9 (39–89) | 0.441 |
| Moderate to severe valvular heart disease | 91 (18.0) | 7 (41.2) | 84 (17.2) | 0.011 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 76 ± 11 (45–104) | 78 ± 10 (60–97) | 76 ± 12 (45–104) | 0.365 |
| Dementia | 244 (48.2) | 10 (58.8) | 234 (47.8) | 0.374 |
| Waiting period for surgery(day) | 9.0 ± 3.3 (2–20) | 9.5 ± 4.0(5–18) | 9.0 ± 3.3(2–20) | 0.922 |
| Preoperative fever (≥ 38°) | 151 (29.8%) | 8 (47.1%) | 143 (29.2%) | 0.110 |
| General anesthesia | 376 (74.3) | 11 (64.7) | 365 (74.6) | 0.357 |
| Spinal anesthesia | 130 (25.7) | 6 (35.3) | 124 (25.4) | |
| Hip hemiarthroplasty | 101 (20) | 5 (29.4) | 96 (19.6) | 0.321 |
| Osteosynthesis | 405 (80) | 12 (70.6) | 393 (80.4) | |
| Operation time (min) | 47 ± 25 (13–190) | 47 ± 24 (18–104) | 47 ± 25 (13–190) | 0.952 |
The data are given as patient’s number (%) or the mean ± standard deviation (range)
PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood gas analysis