Table 1.

Examples of “treatable traits” that could prompt targeted intervention in asthma

Pulmonary	Symptom-based	Wheeze Cough (productive/non-productive) Breathlessness
	Modifiable exposures	Allergens Bacterial infection Viral infection Exercise Occupational
	Functional	Variable airflow limitation Bronchial hyperresponsiveness Fixed airflow obstruction
	Radiological	Air trapping Airway wall thickening
	Biological	Elevated FeNO Blood/airway eosinophilia Elevated total/specific IgE
	Pathological	Airway remodelling
Extra pulmonary		Obesity Obstructive sleep apnoea Rhinosinusitis Eczema Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Dysfunctional breathing pattern Inducible laryngeal obstruction
Behavioural/psychosocial		Anxiety Depression Smoking Poor medication adherence