Table 1.
Recommendations for anesthesia-related drugs in patients with porphyria. This table was created independently by the authors based on data from references [10–12]
| Drug category | Safe | Probably safe | Not yet classified | Probably unsafe | Unsafe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anesthetic |
Propofol Midazolam |
Desflurane | Sevoflurane | Thiopental | |
| Analgesic | Morphine |
Fentanyl Remifentanil |
Pentazocine |
Diclofenac Ketamine |
|
| Local anesthetic | Bupivacaine | Lidocaine | |||
| Muscle relaxant |
Rocuronium Suxamethonium |
Vecuronium | |||
| Vasopressor | Adrenaline |
Phenylephrine Dopamine |
Ephedrine | ||
| Vasodilator | Diltiazem | Nifedipine | |||
| Other | Insulin | Neostigmine | Sugammadex |
Phenytoin Phenobarbital |